ArticleCureus2023
Prevalence of Contributing Factors Leading to the Development of Insulin Resistance Among Male Medical Students at a Private College in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical activity levels among college students in Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Knowledge of risk factors of heart disease among medical students and interns: A cross-sectional study from King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance can result from various genetic and lifestyle factors. Initially, symptoms of insulin resistance may not be readily noticeable, but as the condition progresses, individuals may start experiencing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the development of insulin resistance among medical students at a private college in Saudi Arabia. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenient non-probability sampling technique, with a sample size of 241 participants. We employed validated questionnaires to gather information on physical activity, sleep, dietary habits, and stress. Specifically, we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form for assessing physical activity, the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) for evaluating sleep quality, the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) to gauge dietary patterns, and the stress questionnaire designed by the International Stress Management Association (ISMA) to measure stress levels. Additionally, we collected anthropometric measurements, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. We calculated prevalence using percentages and employed the chi-square test to analyze variables, with a significance level set at p-values <0.05. Results This study investigated risk factors associated with lifestyle, focusing on waist circumference as an indicator of insulin resistance. Our findings revealed that a majority of individuals with high waist circumference were physically inactive and more susceptible to stress, and this difference was statistically significant when compared to those with normal waist circumference. Additionally, we observed that sleep deprivation and poor nutrition were more prevalent among individuals with high waist circumference, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study highlights a high prevalence of elevated waist circumference, indicating insulin resistance, among medical students. Furthermore, it underscores the significant presence of well-known risk factors associated with insulin resistance within this population of medical students.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.