ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
The higher the household income, the lower the possibility of depression and anxiety disorder: evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social network structure and depression by gender in rural Honduras: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Depression and psychiatric help-seeking as joint outcomes: a Bayesian multilevel analysis of household-level dependence.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Combined social determinants of health contributed to adverse health outcomes among depression: evidence from two national cohorts.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Undergraduates in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Women's household decision-making autonomy and mental health outcomes in Mozambique.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of probable depression and anxiety symptoms in Mozambique: A secondary data analysis.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Self-Reported Psychological Distress among United States Adults Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Investigating the impact of poverty on mental illness in the UK Biobank using Mendelian randomization.Nature human behaviour · 2024Article
- How does working time impact perceived mental disorders? New insights into the U-shaped relationship.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association between intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms across household wealth levels in women of reproductive age in Peru.Women's health (London, England)Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: Observational studies have demonstrated that household income is associated with morbidity of mental disorders. However, a causal relationship between the two factors remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the causal relationship between household income status and genetic liability of mental disorders using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: This MR study included a large cohort of the European population from publicly available genome-wide association study datasets. A random-effects inverse-variance weighting model was used as the main standard, with MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and maximum likelihood estimations performed concurrently as supplements. Sensitivity analysis, consisting of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests, was performed using Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO tests to ensure the reliability of the conclusions. Results: A higher household income tended to be associated with a lower risk of genetic liability for depression (odds ratio [OR]: 0.655, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.522-0.822, Conclusion: Our results revealed that the population with a higher household income tended to have a minor risk of genetic liability in depression and anxiety disorders.
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