ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A-Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022-2023.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen anisotropy: The overlooked geometric determinant of vaccine immunogenicity and fidelity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations and Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters Among Children and Adults-VISION, United States, 2024-2025 Season.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Intraseasonal waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness and implications for the optimal timing of seasonal vaccination programs: A scoping review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Influenza Vaccine and Associated Infection and Death in California, 2024 to 2025.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations and emergency department or urgent care encounters among children and adults - United States, 2024-25 season.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States-2017-2020.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Estimated Relative Effectiveness and Public Health Impact of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines During the 2022-2023 Season in the United States.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines and Duration of Protection Against Hospitalisation in England: 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 Seasons.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B-Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 1 September 2023 to 31 May 2024.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Benefit of Early Oseltamivir Therapy for Adults Hospitalized With Influenza A: An Observational Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Observational
- Motivational Interviewing for Vaccine Uptake in Latinx Adults (MI Vacuna): Study protocol for a pragmatic multiple-period cluster-randomized crossover trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- H3 hemagglutinin proteins optimized for 2018 to 2022 elicit neutralizing antibodies across panels of modern influenza A(H3N2) viruses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Boost your health (Refuerza tu Salud): Design of a randomized controlled trial of a community health worker intervention to reduce inequities in COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Illness and Asymptomatic Infection in 2022-2023: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Patient- and Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Early and Late Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in South Korea During the 2023-2024 Season.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients: Complications, Survival, and Mortality Risk Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Influenza vaccine effectiveness among adults aged ≥60 years in northeastern Zhejiang Province, China, 2021-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
51 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza circulation during the 2022-2023 season in the United States largely returned to pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-pandemic patterns and levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were detected most frequently this season, predominately clade 3C.2a1b.2a, a close antigenic match to the vaccine strain.
methodsTo understand effectiveness of the 2022-2023 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failure, and death, a multicenter sentinel surveillance network in the United States prospectively enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness between 1 October 2022, and 28 February 2023. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failures, and death were measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive case-patients and influenza-negative, SARS-CoV-2-negative control-patients.
resultsA total of 3707 patients, including 714 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 2993 influenza- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-negative controls (49% vaccinated) were analyzed. VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%-46%) and varied by age (18-64 years: 47% [30%-60%]; ≥65 years: 28% [10%-43%]), and virus (A[H3N2]: 29% [6%-46%], A[H1N1]: 47% [23%-64%]). VE against more severe influenza-associated outcomes included: 41% (29%-50%) against influenza with hypoxemia treated with supplemental oxygen; 65% (56%-72%) against influenza with respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal failure treated with organ support; and 66% (40%-81%) against influenza with respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation.
conclusionsDuring an early 2022-2023 influenza season with a well-matched influenza vaccine, vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-associated hospitalization and organ failure.
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