ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2024
Nanotherapeutic Heterogeneity: Sources, Effects, and Solutions.
Review in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Cargo Distribution in the Exogenous Association of Proteins With Extracellular Vesicles.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Aggregation Tendency, Cellular Uptake, and Viability Effects of Structurally Distinct Carbazole-Phthalocyanine Gold Nanoconjugates.ACS organic & inorganic Au · 2026Article
- Advancing Drug Discovery with AI: Machine and Deep Learning Strategies for Target Identification and Precision Nanomedicine.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Progress in the Application of Nanomaterials in Tumor Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Multifunctional nanoparticles in abdominal aortic aneurysm management: from basic research to clinical transformation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Radiolabeling lipoproteins to study and manage disease.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Review
- Targeting and tracking mRNA lipid nanoparticles at the particle, transcript and protein level.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- The Nanocarrier Landscape─Evaluating Key Drug Delivery Vehicles and Their Capabilities: A Translational Perspective.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Review
- Advances in Targeted Engineered Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics for Respiratory Diseases: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Microenvironment-responsive metal-phenolic network release platform with ROS scavenging, anti-pyroptosis, and ECM regeneration for intervertebral disc degeneration.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Single-Particle Spectroscopic Chromatography Reveals Heterogeneous RNA Loading and Size Correlations in Lipid Nanoparticles.ACS nano · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nanomaterials have revolutionized medicine by enabling control over drugs' pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and biocompatibility. However, most nanotherapeutic batches are highly heterogeneous, meaning they comprise nanoparticles that vary in size, shape, charge, composition, and ligand functionalization. Similarly, individual nanotherapeutics often have heterogeneously distributed components, ligands, and charges. This review discusses nanotherapeutic heterogeneity's sources and effects on experimental readouts and therapeutic efficacy. Among other topics, it demonstrates that heterogeneity exists in nearly all nanotherapeutic types, examines how nanotherapeutic heterogeneity arises, and discusses how heterogeneity impacts nanomaterials' in vitro and in vivo behavior. How nanotherapeutic heterogeneity skews experimental readouts and complicates their optimization and clinical translation is also shown. Lastly, strategies for limiting nanotherapeutic heterogeneity are reviewed and recommendations for developing more reproducible and effective nanotherapeutics provided.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.