ReviewNPJ Parkinson's disease2023
A meta-analysis identifies factors predicting the future development of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
Review in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The rising tide of frailty in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric study of global research landscape and emerging trends.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Towards the Prevention of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Unmet needs in the pharmacological management of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Cerebellar Atrophy Modulates Freezing of Gait in Multiple System Atrophy Through Cognitive Dysfunction.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Freezing of Gait Levodopa Response Pattern in Parkinson's Disease Provides Clues to Pathophysiology.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Deciphering Freezing of Gait: What Neuropathology Reveals About an Episodic Phenomenon.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neurotransmitter Systems Underlying Freezing of Gait (FOG) in Parkinson's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Classification of fallers in Parkinson's disease through machine learning based feature analysis.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- What is new in Freezing of Gait?Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- An updated definition of freezing of gait.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Explainable SHAP- XGBoost with DAT and clinical data for freezing of gait detection in Parkinson disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Consensus expert recommendations for referral of Parkinson's disease patients for deep brain stimulation surgery.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Breaking the Freeze: The Role of Cognitive Function in Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Management of freezing of gait - mechanism-based practical recommendations.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- A possible pathway to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Nonmotor Symptom Changes and Their Association With Falls Among Parkinson's Disease Patients Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation: A 1-Year Cohort Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Freezing of gait detection: The effect of sensor type, position, activities, datasets, and machine learning model.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Comparison of clinical measures of motor function with a Holter monitor in Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Commercial symptom monitoring devices in Parkinson's disease: benefits, limitations, and trends.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Research progress on the application of anti-gravity treadmill in the rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease patients: a mini review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating problem that is common among many, but not all, people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Numerous attempts have been made at treating FOG to reduce its negative impact on fall risk, functional independence, and health-related quality of life. However, optimal treatment remains elusive. Observational studies have recently investigated factors that differ among patients with PD who later develop FOG, compared to those who do not. With prediction and prevention in mind, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications through 31.12.2022 to identify risk factors. Studies were included if they used a cohort design, included patients with PD without FOG at baseline, data on possible FOG predictors were measured at baseline, and incident FOG was assessed at follow-up. 1068 original papers were identified, 38 met a-priori criteria, and 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 8973; mean follow-up: 4.1 ± 2.7 years). Factors significantly associated with a risk of incident FOG included: higher age at onset of PD, greater severity of motor symptoms, depression, anxiety, poorer cognitive status, and use of levodopa and COMT inhibitors. Most results were robust in four subgroup analyses. These findings indicate that changes associated with FOG incidence can be detected in a subset of patients with PD, sometimes as long as 12 years before FOG manifests, supporting the possibility of predicting FOG incidence. Intriguingly, some of these factors may be modifiable, suggesting that steps can be taken to lower the risk and possibly even prevent the future development of FOG.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.