ArticlePLOS digital health2023
How does ChatGPT-4 preform on non-English national medical licensing examination? An evaluation in Chinese language.
Article in PLOS digital health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating the Potential and Accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5 and 4.0 in Medical Licensing and In-Training Examinations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Performance of large language models in medical licensing examinations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of educational evaluation for health professions · 2025Pooled it
- Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in national licensing examinations for medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2024Pooled it
- Performance of ChatGPT Across Different Versions in Medical Licensing Examinations Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of ChatGPT and DeepSeek in Urology Medical Education: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- How much do language and context affect the accuracy of AI health advice?BMJ health & care informatics · 2026Article
- Performance of large language models in the Chinese National Medical Licensing Examinations and Beyond: Scoping review.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Large Language Model Performance on Multistep Clinical Cases: Comparative Study Across Question and Case Levels.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Stepwise Diagnostic Evaluation of Chinese Large Language Models: Comparative Study of Common and Rare Diseases.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of ChatGPT-4o in oral and maxillofacial surgery examinations: a comparative study of performance on U.S. dental decks and chinese dental licensing examination practice questions.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Three large language models demonstrate competitive performance in Traditional Chinese Medicine national medical licensing examinations over two years.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry Training: Comparative Insights from Nine Large Language Models Across Cultural and Exam Contexts.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Textbook-level medical knowledge in large language models: comparative evaluation using Japanese National Medical Examination.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Large Language Models Evaluation of Medical Licensing Examination Using GPT-4.0, ERNIE Bot 4.0, and GPT-4o.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-4o on the Chinese national medical licensing examination: a multi-year comparative study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Performance benchmarking of LLMs on Chinese national medical licensing education: Cross-lingual and question-type effects.PloS one · 2026Article
- Benchmarking five large language models in medical genetics: a bilingual comparative evaluation using published and novel expert-authored questions.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of ChatGPT and DeepSeek on a Standardized Audiologist Qualification Examination in Chinese: Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Observational
- Comparative performance of Chinese and international large language models on the Chinese radiology attending physician qualification examination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) system powered by large-scale language models, has garnered significant interest in healthcare. Its performance dependent on the quality and quantity of training data available for a specific language, with the majority of it being in English. Therefore, its effectiveness in processing the Chinese language, which has fewer data available, warrants further investigation. This study aims to assess the of ChatGPT's ability in medical education and clinical decision-making within the Chinese context. We utilized a dataset from the Chinese National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) to assess ChatGPT-4's proficiency in medical knowledge in Chinese. Performance indicators, including score, accuracy, and concordance (confirmation of answers through explanation), were employed to evaluate ChatGPT's effectiveness in both original and encoded medical questions. Additionally, we translated the original Chinese questions into English to explore potential avenues for improvement. ChatGPT scored 442/600 for original questions in Chinese, surpassing the passing threshold of 360/600. However, ChatGPT demonstrated reduced accuracy in addressing open-ended questions, with an overall accuracy rate of 47.7%. Despite this, ChatGPT displayed commendable consistency, achieving a 75% concordance rate across all case analysis questions. Moreover, translating Chinese case analysis questions into English yielded only marginal improvements in ChatGPT's performance (p = 0.728). ChatGPT exhibits remarkable precision and reliability when handling the NMLE in Chinese. Translation of NMLE questions from Chinese to English does not yield an improvement in ChatGPT's performance.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.