SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Synthetic Glucocorticoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychiatric Symptoms Associated with Corticosteroid Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.CNS drugs · 2026Pooled it
- Corticosteroid-induced manic and/or psychotic symptoms: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Synthetic Glucocorticoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Low-Dose Hydrocortisone and Cognition in Women With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous dexamethasone in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Trial
- Neuroprotective potential of vitamin DIBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Emotional dynamics during glucocorticoid treatment in chronic cluster headache - Insights from dynamic time warp analysis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Asthma: Emerging Evidence, Clinical Consequences, and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Ophthalmic and psychiatric health: the overlooked connection between ocular diseases and mental disorders.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Utility of Multi-Analyte Protein Assay to Distinguish Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Relapse from Pseudoexacerbation.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Comparative Effects of Quercetin and its α- and β-D-glucoside Derivatives in LPS-Stimulated C6 Astroglial Cells.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Association Between Glucocorticoid Exposure and Objective Sleep Architecture in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Exploratory Pilot EEG Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy Practices Between Pediatric and Adult Rheumatologists: A Multicenter Survey Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Duration-Dependent Adverse Events of Systemic Glucocorticosteroids in Atopic Dermatitis: A Nationwide Claims Cohort Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid Signaling in PSC-Derived Neural Systems to Elucidate Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Psychiatric Vulnerability.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Disparities in oral glucocorticoid prescribing among patients with mental disorders: nationwide cohort study.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Article
- Oral glucocorticoids and risk of psychiatric and suicidal behaviour outcomes: population-based cohort study.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- Sulodexide protects against sepsis-induced liver injury in neonatal rat by attenuating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NF-κB/MAPK signaling.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Dexamethasone induces sleep disruption in male mice and is associated with hyperactivation of orexin neurons.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextSynthetic glucocorticoids are widely used to treat patients with a broad range of diseases. While efficacious, glucocorticoids can be accompanied by neuropsychiatric adverse effects.
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis assesses and quantifies the proportion of different neuropsychiatric adverse effects in patients using synthetic glucocorticoids.
methodsSix electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies assessing psychiatric side effects of glucocorticoids measured with validated questionnaires were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and AXIS appraisal tool. For proportions of neuropsychiatric outcomes, we pooled proportions, and when possible, differences in questionnaire scores between glucocorticoid users and nonusers were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD). Data were pooled in a random-effects logistic regression model.
resultsWe included 49 studies with heterogeneity in study populations, type, dose, and duration of glucocorticoids. For glucocorticoid users, meta-analysis showed a proportion of 22% for depression (95% CI, 14%-33%), 11% for mania (2%-46%), 8% for anxiety (2%-25%), 16% for delirium (6%-36%), and 52% for behavioral changes (42%-61%). Questionnaire scores for depression (SMD of 0.80 [95% CI 0.35-1.26]), and mania (0.78 [0.14-1.42]) were higher than in controls, indicating more depressive and manic symptoms following glucocorticoid use.
conclusionThe heterogeneity of glucocorticoid use is reflected in the available studies. Despite this heterogeneity, the proportion of neuropsychiatric adverse effects in glucocorticoid users is high. The most substantial associations with glucocorticoid use were found for depression and mania. Upon starting glucocorticoid treatment, awareness of possible psychiatric side effects is essential. More structured studies on incidence and potential pathways of neuropsychiatric side effects of prescribed glucocorticoids are clearly needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.