ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2023
Wild-type distributions of minimum inhibitory concentrations and epidemiological cut-off values-laboratory and clinical utility.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in free-ranging wild mammals.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Veterinary-specific breakpoints for ceftiofur applicable to canineJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Phenotypic and Genomic Study for Understanding the Variability in Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to AMPs and Bacteriocins.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Establishing the Epidemiological Cut-Off Value (ECOFF) for Cefquinome Against Staphylococcus aureus Using Standardised MIC Data.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Cefquinome in Lactating Sheep and Lactating Goats After Intravenous, Subcutaneous and Long-Acting Administrations.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- [Advances in integrated antimicrobial resistance diagnostics: quantitative, qualitative and AI-driven approaches].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Relatedness of Salmonella in the Environments of Livestock Markets Handling Surplus Dairy Calves.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- One Health Investigation of Stage-Dependent Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Across Intermediate and Ripened Dairy Matrices: The Tyrovolia-Kopanisti Paradigm.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Do the redefined EUCAST susceptibility categories warrant adjustment of paediatric antibiotic dosages? Pragmatic physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of four commonly used agents.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Use and Epidemiological Resistance Profiles of CommensalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- β-Lactam concentrations monitored in the early phase of community-acquired sepsis in the intensive care unit.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Observational
- Pseudovibriamide B from marine sponge-associated bacteria acts as a selective antibiotic antidote.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Time to Awaken a Forgotten Antibacterial Agent: A 10-year Nationwide Surveillance of Latamoxef Resistance in China Based on 46,716 Isolates and Establishment of Tentative Epidemiological Cut-Off Values.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Aminoglycoside Dosing Regimens Adjusted for Renal Function and In Vitro Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Enterobacterales andOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association of Antimicrobial Susceptibility with Treatment Response inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- α-Bromocinnamaldehyde combats ESKAPE pathogens through dual bactericidal mechanism.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Spaceflight and Medical Microbiology: Possible Implications for Standard Infection Diagnostics and Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quality control and considering systematic MIC shifts are key when evaluating the role ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The characterization of wild-type minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone diameter distributions with the setting of epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs or ECVs) provides a reference for the otherwise relative MIC values in the international system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Distributions of MIC values for a species and an agent follow a log-normal distribution, which in the absence of resistance mechanisms is monomodal and designated wild type (WT). The upper end of the WT distribution, the ECOFF, can be identified with statistical methods. In the presence of phenotypically detectable resistance, the distribution has at least one more mode (the non-WT), but despite this, the WT is most often identifiable using the same methods. The ECOFF provides the most sensitive measure of resistance development in a species against an agent. The WT and non-WT modes are independent of the organism´s response to treatment, but when the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) determines the clinical breakpoints, the committee avoids breakpoints that split WT distributions of target species. This is to avoid the poorer reproducibility of susceptibility categorization when breakpoints split major populations but also because the EUCAST has failed to identify different clinical outcomes for isolates with different MIC values inside the wild-type distribution. In laboratory practice, the ECOFF is used to screen for and exclude resistance and allows the comparison of resistance between systems with different breakpoints from different breakpoint organizations, breakpoints evolving over time, and different breakpoints between human and animal medicine. The EUCAST actively encourages colleagues to question MIC distributions as presented on the website (https://www.eucast.org/mic_and_zone_distributions_and_ecoffs) and to contribute MIC and inhibition zone diameter data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.