SynthesisEndocrine reviews2024
What Is Carcinoid Syndrome? A Critical Appraisal of Its Proposed Mediators.
Synthesis in Endocrine reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenteric Fibrosis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: a Systematic Review of New Thoughts on Causation and Potential Treatments.Current oncology reports · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of LysaKare infusion on serum potassium levels in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours eligible for treatment with [Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Trial
- Lu-PRRT Used More Intensively on Advanced Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic and Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Preliminary Results on Toxicity from a Randomized Study.Neuroendocrinology · 2025Trial
- Hepatic arterial embolization procedures in neuroendocrine tumors with carcinoid heart disease: a retrospective single-center study on safety and feasibility.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Article
- The Clinical Impact of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Carcinoid Heart Disease.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Evolving Insights and Innovative Approaches.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Review
- AIMN, ITANET, SIE joint position paper for the recognition, prevention and management of NET carcinoid syndrome and crises during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Review
- Primary Ovarian Neuroendocrine Neoplasm With Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease.Ochsner journal · 2026Article
- Molecular determinants for recognition of serotonylated chromatin.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Burden of Comorbidities and Concomitant Medications and Their Associated Costs in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic or Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: Analysis of US Administrative Data.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Current status of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in grade 1 and 2 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Pituitary and Neuroendocrine Tumor Endocrinology.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2025Review
- Article
- The skin as a window to the gut: A case of carcinoid syndrome.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Ovarian metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor presenting as hot flashes: A case report and literature review.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is a debilitating disease that affects approximately 20% of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Due to the increasing incidence and improved overall survival of patients with NEN over recent decades, patients are increasingly suffering from chronic and refractory CS symptoms. At present, symptom control is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. This systematic review is the first to critically appraise the available evidence for the various hormonal mediators considered to play a causative role in CS. Overall, evidence for the putative mediators of CS was scarce and often of poor quality. Based on the available literature, data are only sufficient to agree on the role of serotonin as a mediator of CS-associated diarrhea and fibrosis. A direct role for tachykinins and an indirect role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of CS is suggested by several studies. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to link histamine, bradykinin, kallikrein, prostaglandins, or motilin to CS. To summarize, available literature only sufficiently appoints serotonin and suggests a role for tachykinins and catecholamines as mediators of CS, with insufficient evidence for other putative mediators. Descriptions of CS should be revised to focus on these proven hormonal associations to be more accurate, and further research is needed into other potential mediators.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.