ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2023
Activation of the pentose phosphate pathway in macrophages is crucial for granuloma formation in sarcoidosis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Case of Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei Successfully Treated With Topical Metronidazole.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- New Therapies for Sarcoidosis: Molecular and Pathophysiological Basis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Legumain Restrains Granuloma Formation by Inhibiting mTORC1/STAT1-Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization in Sarcoidosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A STAT1/ETC/GBP1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for noncommunicable granulomatous skin disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- Genetic Correlations and Causal Relationships Among Allergic Diseases: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study With Multiomic Mediation Analysis.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Tissue Immunometabolism in Autoimmunity.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in myeloid cells: a central deficit in autoimmune diseases.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- SPP1hi macrophages, NKG7 T cells, CCL5hi fibroblasts, and IgM plasma cells are dominant features of necrobiosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Seasonal variation in Swedish sarcoidosis patients with severe hypercalcemia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reversing inflammatory diseases via trained immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic and network analysis elucidates therapeutic mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Clinical updates of JAK inhibitors in cutaneous granulomatous diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profiling of granuloma in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Macrophages are activated toward phagocytic lymphoma cell clearance by pentose phosphate pathway inhibition.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Metabolic regulation of the immune system in health and diseases: mechanisms and interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: A Potential Source of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Sarcoidosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Aberrant monocytopoiesis drives granuloma development in sarcoidosis.International immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology in which granulomas form throughout the body and is typically treated with glucocorticoids, but there are no approved steroid-sparing alternatives. Here, we investigated the mechanism of granuloma formation using single-cell RNA-Seq in sarcoidosis patients. We observed that the percentages of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2-positive (TREM2-positive) macrophages expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and lysozyme, diagnostic makers of sarcoidosis, were increased in cutaneous sarcoidosis granulomas. Macrophages in the sarcoidosis lesion were hypermetabolic, especially in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Expression of the PPP enzymes, such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), was elevated in both systemic granuloma lesions and serum of sarcoidosis patients. Granuloma formation was attenuated by the PPP inhibitors in in vitro giant cell and in vivo murine granuloma models. These results suggest that the PPP may be a promising target for developing therapeutics for sarcoidosis.
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