ArticleJournal of radiation research2024
An investigation into the impact of volumetric rescanning and fractionation treatment on dose homogeneity in liver cancer proton therapy.
Article in Journal of radiation research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose comparison of proton beam therapy with and without a multileaf collimator in the treatment of multiple hepatocellular carcinoma.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Impact of Intra-fractional respiratory motion on dose distribution in lattice radiotherapy for liver tumors.Precision radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Radiotherapy with targeted and immunotherapy improved overall survival and progression-free survival for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis.The oncologist · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) technique in modern particle therapy offers a highly conformal dose distribution but poses challenges due to the interplay effect, an interaction between respiration-induced organ movement and PBS. This study evaluates the effectiveness of different volumetric rescanning strategies in mitigating this effect in liver cancer proton therapy. We used a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, 'TOPAS,' and an image registration toolbox, 'Elastix,' to calculate 4D dose distributions from 5 patients' four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). We analyzed the homogeneity index (HI) value of the Clinical Tumor Volume (CTV) at different rescan numbers and treatment times. Our results indicate that dose homogeneity stabilizes at a low point after a week of treatment, implying that both rescanning and fractionation treatments help mitigate the interplay effect. Notably, an increase in the number of rescans doesn't significantly reduce the mean dose to normal tissue but effectively prevents high localized doses to tissue adjacent to the CTV. Rescanning techniques, based on statistical averaging, require no extra equipment or patient cooperation, making them widely accessible. However, the number of rescans, tumor location, diaphragm movement, and treatment fractionation significantly influence their effectiveness. Therefore, deciding the number of rescans should involve considering the number of beams, treatment fraction size, and total delivery time to avoid unnecessary treatment extension without significant clinical benefits. The results showed that 2-3 rescans are more clinically suitable for liver cancer patients undergoing proton therapy.
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