ArticleBMJ open2023
Experiences and perceptions of urine sampling for tuberculosis testing among HIV patients: a multisite qualitative descriptive study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Implementation determinants of rapid diagnostic tests for fever management in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed-studies systematic review.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- User perspectives on the Molbio Truenat platform and tuberculosis assays for decentralised testing in Mozambique and Tanzania.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Article
- Preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing in the context of TB care: a best-worst scaling exercise in Vietnam and Zambia.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Informing People-Centered Target Product Profiles for TB Diagnostics: A Multi-Country Qualitative Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Usability and acceptability of a novel TB infection diagnostic test among key populations in Mexicali.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Discovery of urinary biosignatures for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria classification using metabolomics and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Yield of Urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in Adults With Suspected Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesEvidence on the acceptability of urine-based assays for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis among patients remains limited. We sought to describe patients' experiences and perceptions of urine sampling for TB testing at point of care.
settingStudy sites in Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique and South Africa.
participantsAdult ambulatory HIV patients enrolled in a TB diagnostic study were selected purposively.
interventionFor this qualitative descriptive study, audiorecorded individual interviews conducted with consenting participants were translated, transcribed and analysed using content analysis. Ethical agreement was obtained from relevant ethical review committees.
resultsFifty-eight participants were interviewed. Three domains were identified. Overall, participants described urine sampling as easy, rapid and painless, with the main challenge being lacking the urge. Urine was preferred to sputum sampling in terms of simplicity, comfort, stigma reduction, convenience and practicality. While perceptions regarding its trustworthiness for TB diagnosis differed, urine sampling was viewed as an additional mean to detect TB and beneficial for early diagnosis. Participants were willing to wait for several hours for same-day results to allay the emotional, physical and financial burden of having to return to collect results, and would rather not pay for the test. Facilitators of urine sampling included cleanliness and perceived privacy of sampling environments, comprehensive sampling instructions and test information, as well as supplies such as toilet paper and envelopes ensuring confort and privacy when producing and returning samples. Participants motivation for accepting urine-based TB testing stemmed from their perceived susceptibility to TB, the value they attributed to their health, especially when experiencing symptoms, and their positive interactions with the medical team.
conclusionsThis study suggests that urine sampling is well accepted as a TB diagnostic method and provides insights on how to promote patients' uptake of urine-based testing and improve their sampling experiences. These results encourage the future broad use of urine-based assays at point of care.
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