ArticleBMJ global health2023
Decomposing income-related inequality in health-related quality of life in mainland China: a national cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities in Western and Asian countries: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Can family health alleviate income-related health disparity in China? A population-based study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Associations between adverse childhood experiences and family health in adulthood: a national cross-sectional analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Parental depressive symptoms link family income to preschool child mental health in Western China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Pro-Rich Inequality in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Primary Care Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Changes in health-related quality of life and inequality in China: evidence from a nationwide repeated cross-sectional survey (2021-2023).Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- From Rich to Poor: A Decomposition Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequality in Health-related Quality of Life in Iran.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Article
- Estimating mechanisms linking relative income to self-rated health by multilevel modeling: the moderating role of healthcare access and quality index.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The effect of health insurance reimbursement rates on middle-aged and elderly people's hospital choices: evidence from China.Health economics review · 2025Article
- The association between confidence in health system and self-rated health: from the perspective of regional comparison.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Income inequality and multimorbidity patterns in China: a micro-level analysis using CHARLS.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Breast Augmentation Preferences and Concerns Among Chinese Women: A Nationwide Multicenter Study of 2066 Cases.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Housing conditions, cooking fuels, and health-related quality of life among rural middle-aged and elderly in northwest China: A ten-year balanced panel study.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHealth equity is an important indicator measuring social development and solidarity. However, there is a paucity in nationwide studies into the inequity in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in mainland China, in particular using the most recent data measuring HRQoL using the EuroQol 5-Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L). This study aimed to address the gap in the literature by estimating and decomposing income-related inequality of the utility index (UI) of EQ-5D-5L in mainland China.
methodsData were extracted from the Psychology and Behaviour Investigation of Chinese Residents (2022), including 19 738 respondents over the age of 18 years. HRQoL was assessed by the UI of the EQ-5D-5L. Concentration index (CI) was calculated to measure the degree of income-related inequality in the UI. The contributions of individual, behavioural and context characteristics to the CI were estimated using the Wagstaff decomposition method.
resultsThe CI of the EQ-5D-5L UI reached 0.0103, indicating pro-rich inequality in HRQoL. Individual characteristics made the greatest contribution to the CI (57.68%), followed by context characteristics (0.60%) and health behaviours (-3.28%). The contribution of individual characteristics was mainly attributable to disparities in the enabling (26.86%) and need factors (23.86%), with the chronic conditions (15.76%), health literacy (15.56%) and average household income (15.24%) as the top three contributors. Educational level (-5.24%) was the top negative contributor, followed by commercial (-1.43%) and basic medical insurance (-0.56%). Higher inequality was found in the least developed rural (CI=0.0140) and western regions (CI=0.0134).
conclusionPro-rich inequality in HRQoL is evident in mainland China. Targeted interventions need to prioritise measures that aim at reducing disparities in chronic conditions, health literacy and income.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.