ArticleTzu chi medical journal
Association between inhaled corticosteroid use and risk of hyperglycemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Tzu chi medical journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of glucocorticoid use in type 1 diabetes: Glycaemic effects and clinical management strategies.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional meta-analysis of risk and comorbidity burden.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- It's more than mechanics: the case for metabolic end-points in airways disease.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Complex Interactions and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have a higher risk of developing diabetes, and studies suggest that inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) use may be associated with a higher risk of diabetes, particularly at higher doses. This study aims to investigate the effects of ICS use on the risk of diabetes and blood glucose levels in COPD patients. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was carried out on the PubMed, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest databases using the terms "Inhaled Corticosteroids," "Diabetes," and "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" for the period between 2013 and 2023. The systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guideline. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model using the RevMan 5 software. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the final analysis, with 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 observational studies. Two observational studies investigated the relationship between ICS dose and diabetes risk. A meta-analysis of the RCTs studies showed a nonstatistically significant tendency toward increased blood glucose (odds ratio [OR] 1.07 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-1.30) after a 52-week follow-up. Whereas the observational studies showed a tendency toward an increased risk of diabetes (OR 1.40 and 95% CI 0.96-2.03). Furthermore, a subgroup meta-analysis of high-dose ICS (>900 μg/day) showed a significant increase in the risk of diabetes (OR 1.20 and 95% CI 1.09-1.32). Conclusion: Short-term use of ICS does not have a significant effect on blood glucose. However, long-term use, especially at higher doses, can increase the risk of developing diabetes.
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