ArticleHeliyon2023
Clean energy-led tourism development in Malaysia: Do environmental degradation, FDI, Education and ICT matter?
Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-03-24Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions · Duplication of/in Article · Investigation by Journal/Publisher ·
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Concerning tourism, two lines of evidence are available in the literature, i.e., tourism's impact on macro fundamentals and determinants of tourism development. Regarding determinants, researchers have documented positive and negative associations between selected macro fundamentals and tourism development. The study's objective is to examine the impact of clean energy, foreign direct investment (FDI), education, and information and communication technology (ICT) on tourism development in Malaysia from 1990 to 2021. The study employed several econometrical techniques in investigating the empirical nexus, including the Bayer-Hancked cointegration test, ARDL Bound testing, Nonlinear ARDL, Toda-Yamamoto causality, and Fourier TY causality test. Moreover, the study employed dynamic OLS, Fully-modified OLS and CCR for the coefficient robust test. The study indicates that the utilization of renewable energy sources has the potential to alleviate the adverse environmental impacts associated with conventional energy sources. This, in turn, can enhance the appeal of tourist destinations to environmentally conscious visitors. Clean energy sources can provide tourism enterprises with cost-saving opportunities, improving profitability and ensuring long-term sustainability. Furthermore, the study reveals a noteworthy correlation between foreign direct investment (FDI) and tourism development. This implies that FDI plays a significant role in fostering tourism activities within the economy. Moreover, it has been found that education plays a crucial role in fostering tourism growth by positively influencing the quality of services and experiences offered to travelers. Finally, the study emphasizes the positive impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the growth and advancement of the tourism industry. This is particularly evident in utilizing online booking systems, mobile applications, and immersive virtual tourism experiences.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.