ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Other malignancies in the history of CLL: an international multicenter study conducted by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, in HARMONY.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a multicenter retrospective study in Greece.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Clinical and transcriptomic characterization of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia harboring t(14;19): an ERIC study.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Familial forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a worse prognosis than sporadic forms: an Italian case-control study.Blood advances · 2025Observational
- State of the art biology, progression, and clinical management of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): consensus report from the Intercepting Blood Cancers Workshop Committee.Blood cancer journal · 2025Article
- ATM aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: del(11q) rather than ATM mutations is an adverse-prognostic biomarker.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Article
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Care and Beyond: Navigating the Needs of Long-Term Survivors.Cancers · 2025Review
- Exploring the Relation Between Coexisting Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Lung Cancer: Two Case Reports.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
- CD38 prognostic role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with standard chemotherapy or targeted agents: a monocentric real-life experience.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Navigating the changing landscape of BTK-targeted therapies for B cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Melanoma as Subsequent Primary Malignancy in Hematologic Cancer Survivors-A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Realizing precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Remaining challenges and potential opportunities.HemaSphere · 2024Review
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Management of Adverse Events in the Era of Targeted Agents.Cancers · 2024Review
- Innovative Combinations, Cellular Therapies and Bispecific Antibodies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
142 authors at 20 institutions in 28 countries.
Thomas ChatzikonstantinouInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Lydia ScarfòUniversità Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Georgios KarakatsoulisInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Eva MingaInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitra ChamouInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Gloria IacoboniDepartment of Haematology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain.
Jana KotaskovaCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Christos DemosthenousHematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Lukas Smolej4th Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Stephen MulliganRoyal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Miguel AlcocebaDepartment of Haematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS-IBSAL), CIBERONC (CB16/12/00233) and Cancer Research Centre (CIC-IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.
Salem Al-ShemariFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Thérèse Aurran-SchleinitzDepartment of Hemato-Oncology, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
Francesca BacchiarriDivision of Hematology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Mar BellidoHematology Department, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Fontanet BijouInstitut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
Anne CallejaDepartment of Hemato-Oncology, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
Angeles MedinaHospital Costa del Sol, Málaga, Spain.
Mehreen Ali KhanDepartment of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Center/National Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplant, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Ramona CassinHematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Sofia ChatzileontiadouHematology Unit, 1st Dept of Internal Medicine, AUTH, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Rosa ColladoServicio de Hematología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Fundación de Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Amy ChristianDepartment of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.
Zadie DavisDepartment of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.
Maria DimouDepartment of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
David DonaldsonClinical Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Gimena Dos SantosHospital de Clinicas, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Barbara DretaDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Maria EfstathopoulouDepartment of Haematology, Athens Medical Center-Psychikon Branch, Athens, Greece.
Shaimaa El-AshwahOncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Alicia EnricoHospital Italiano La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Alberto FresaSezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Sara GalimbertiSection of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Andrea GalitziaHematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS "G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy.
Rocío García-SerraServicio de Hematología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Fundación de Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Eva GimenoDepartment of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Isabel González-Gascón-Y-MarínHematology Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Alessandro GozzettiDivision of Hematology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Valerio GuarenteInstitute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
Romain GuiezeDepartment of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Estaing University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Ajay GogiaLaboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Ritu GuptaLaboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Sean HarropPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Eleftheria HatzimichaelFaculty of Medicine, Department of Haematology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
Yair HerishanuDepartment of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
José-Ángel Hernández-RivasHematology Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Luca InchiappaDepartment of Hemato-Oncology, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
Ozren JaksicDepartment of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
Susanne JanssenDept of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Elżbieta KalicińskaDepartment and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Kamel LaribiDepartment of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
Volkan KarakusAntalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
Arnon P KaterDept of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Bonnie KhoDepartment of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
Maria KislovaDepartment of Hematology, Oncology, and Chemotherapy, S. P. Botkin's City Hospital, Moscow, Russia.
Eliana KonstantinouHaematology, University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Maya Koren-MichowitzDepartment of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
Ioannis KotsianidisDepartment of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Robert J KreitmanLaboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jorge LabradorDepartment of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
Deepesh LadDepartment of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Mark-David LevinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
Ilana LevyHematology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Thomas LongvalService d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.
Alberto Lopez-GarciaFundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain.
Juan MarquetHematology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Lucia Martin-RodríguezDepartment of Haematology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain.
Marc MaynadiéBiological Haematology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Haematological Malignancies Registry, LNC UMR 1231, Dijon 21000, France.
Stanislava MaslejovaDepartment of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Carlota Mayor-BastidaHaematology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
Biljana MihaljevicClinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Ivana MilosevicFaculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Fatima MirasHematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Riccardo MoiaDivision of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Marta MorawskaExperimental Hematooncology Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Roberta MurruHematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS "G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy.
Uttam Kumar NathDepartment of Medical Oncology & Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
Almudena Navarro-BailónDepartment of Haematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS-IBSAL), CIBERONC (CB16/12/00233) and Cancer Research Centre (CIC-IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.
Ana C OliveiraDepartment of Clinical Hematology, ICO, Hospital Duran i Reynals, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
Jacopo OlivieriHematology Clinic, ASUFC, Udine, Italy.
David OscierDepartment of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.
Irina Panovska-StavridisMedical Faculty, University Clinic of Hematology, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Maria PapaioannouHematology Unit, 1st Dept of Internal Medicine, AUTH, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Tomas PapajíkFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Hemato-Oncology, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Zuzana KubovaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Hemato-Oncology, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Punyarat PhumphukhieoHull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom.
Cheyenne PierieDept of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Anna PuiggrosMolecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar and Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
Lata RaniLaboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Gianluigi RedaHematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Gian Matteo RigolinSt. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
Rosa RuchlemerDepartment of Hematology, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Marcos Daniel de Deus SantosInternal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
Mattia SchipaniDivision of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Annett SchiwitzaHematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
Yandong ShenRoyal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Martin Simkovic4th Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Svetlana SmirnovaConsultative Hematology Department with a Day Hospital for Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia.
Dina Sameh Abdelrahman SolimanHematopathology Laboratory, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Martin SpacekFirst Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine - Hematology, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
Tamar TadmorHematology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Kristina TomicClinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Eric TseDepartment of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Theodoros VassilakopoulosHaematology, University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Andrea VisentinHematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Candida VitaleDivision of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Julia von TresckowClinic for Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
George VrachioliasDepartment of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Vojin VukovicClinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Renata WalewskaDepartment of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.
Ewa Wasik-SzczepanekDept. Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Zhenshu XuFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
Munci YagciGazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
Lucrecia YañezDepartment of Hematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
Mohamed YassinHematology Section, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar.
Jana ZuchnickaDepartment of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Maria AngelopoulouHaematology, University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Darko AnticClinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Bella BidermanDepartment of Molecular Hematology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia.
Mark CatherwoodClinical Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Rainer ClausPathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
Marta CosciaDivision of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Antonio CuneoSt. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
Fatih DemirkanDivision of Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Blanca EspinetMolecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar and Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
Gianluca GaidanoDivision of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
Olga B KalashnikovaFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Luca LaurentiSezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Eugene NikitinDepartment of Hematology, Oncology, and Chemotherapy, S. P. Botkin's City Hospital, Moscow, Russia.
Gerassimos A PangalisDepartment of Haematology, Athens Medical Center-Psychikon Branch, Athens, Greece.
Panagiotis PanagiotidisDepartment of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Viola Maria PopovHematology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
Sarka PospisilovaCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Paolo SportolettiInstitute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
Niki StavroyianniHematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Constantine TamPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
Livio TrentinHematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Anastasia ChatzidimitriouInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Francesc BoschDepartment of Haematology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain.
Michael DoubekCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Paolo GhiaUniversità Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Kostas StamatopoulosInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Tel Aviv University · ILCentre for Research and Technology Hellas · GRNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRCentral European Institute of Technology · CZHospital Del Mar · ESDemocritus University of Thrace · GRInstitut Paoli-Calmettes · FRPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital · CNThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · ITUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” · ITUniversity of Belgrade · RSUniversity of Perugia · ITUniversity of Siena · ITAgostino Gemelli University Polyclinic · ITAHEPA University Hospital · GRAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · INAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLBnai Zion Medical Center · ILBotkin Hospital · RU
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have a higher risk of developing other malignancies (OMs) compared to the general population. However, the impact of CLL-related risk factors and CLL-directed treatment is still unclear and represents the focus of this work. Methods: We conducted a retrospective international multicenter study to assess the incidence of OMs and detect potential risk factors in 19,705 patients with CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma, or high-count CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, diagnosed between 2000 and 2016. Data collection took place between October 2020 and March 2022. Findings: In 129,254 years of follow-up after CLL diagnosis, 3513 OMs were diagnosed (27.2 OMs/1000 person-years). The most common hematological OMs were Richter transformation, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-melanoma skin (NMSC) and prostate cancers were the most common solid tumors (STs).The only predictor for MDS and AML development was treatment with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with/without rituximab (FC ± R) (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.79-4.91; p < 0.001). STs were more frequent in males and patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy variable genes (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.49-2.11; p < 0.001/OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.6-2.24; p < 0.001).CLL-directed treatment was associated with non-melanoma skin and prostate cancers (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.36-2.41; p < 0.001/OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.12-3.97; p = 0.021). In contrast, breast cancers were more frequent in untreated patients (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.08-0.33; p < 0.001).Patients with CLL and an OM had inferior overall survival (OS) than those without. AML and MDS conferred the worst OS (p < 0.001). Interpretation: OMs in CLL impact on OS. Treatment for CLL increased the risk for AML/MDS, prostate cancer, and NMSC. FCR was associated with increased risk for AML/MDS. Funding: AbbVie, and EU/EFPIAInnovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking HARMONY grant n° 116026.
Indexed as
Chronic lymphocytic leukemiaOther cancersOther malignanciesSecond primary malignancies
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.