ArticlePloS one2023
Transcultural validation of the "revised sport motivation scale" (SMS-II) in Arabic language: Exploratory study on motivation in sport for a sample of Tunisian Athletes.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Assessing the reliability and validity of the sport motivation scale-II using the COSMIN methodology-a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Behavioral regulation in sport questionnaire and sport motivation scale-II: a scale comparison.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Mindfulness Training in Physical Education on Students' Motivation, Intention, and Physical Activity.International journal of school health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-01-29Concerns/Issues about Authorship/Affiliation · Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Data · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSports performance is the result of an interaction of several variables, such as physical, technical, and psychological. The ability of athletes to use motivation, is an important predictor to achieve high performance in sport. SMS-II comprised 18 elements to measure six behavioral control factors.
aimThis study aims to validate an Arabic version of the revised sports motivation scale-II (SMS-II) and measure the psychometric properties of factorial structure, internal reliability, construct validity, and sensitivity.
methodsA total of 780 athletes from different disciplines (432 men, 348 women; mean age = 18.97 years) participated in this study. Athletes voluntarily responded to the version of SMS-II. Factorial validity was established by principal component analysis. Both exploratory (EFA; N = 390; males: 52.6%; females: 47.4%; [13-18] = 172; [19-30] = 218) and confirmatory (CFA; N = 390; males: 58.2%; females: 41.8%; [13-18] = 247; [19-30] = 143) analyses were examined.
resultsThe 18 SMS-II items revealed perfect reliability (McDonald's omega = 0.841, Cronbach's α = 0.858, Gutmann's λ6 = 0.952) and good temporal stability (ICC = 0.960, 95% CI = 0.915-0.980; r = 0.935, 95% CI = 0.889-0.963 at p < 0.001) over 4-week period. The CFA adjustment indices were perfect.
conclusionThe results tended to clarify all indices as perfect adjustments to the theoretical model, ensuring the confirmation of factor structure and construction validity regarding the Tunisian sports workforce.
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Registered trials
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