Integrating GEO, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Bruceae Fructus against laryngeal cancer.

The goal of this study is to look into the pharmacological mechanism of Bruceae Fructus in conjunction with GEO, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays for the treatment of laryngeal cancer to provide theoretical support for its therapeutic use. The active components and matching targets of Bruceae Fructus were retrieved from the TCMSP database, while genes linked with laryngeal cancer were obtained from the GEO, GeneCards, DisGeNET, and DrugBank databases. Besides, the components and targets were supplemented by literatures in PubMed database. Cytoscape software was used to create the active ingredients-target network diagram. The String database was used to build the PPI network. Following that, the core targets were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis using the DAVID database. Finally, AutoDock was used to perform molecular docking between the core components and the core targets. To investigate the biological effects of beta-sitosterol, the viability of laryngeal cancer cells was assessed after beta-sitosterol therapy using the MTS technique. Following that, how beta-sitosterol affected colony formation after 14 days of culture of treated cells was researched. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect apoptosis to examine the influence of beta-sitosterol on laryngeal cancer cell apoptosis, and then detected mRNA and protein expression levels of 10 key genes by RT-qPCR and Western Blot assay. There were 1258 laryngeal cancer-related genes and 15 Bruceae Fructus components, with beta-sitosterol and luteolin serving as key components. Bruceae Fructus' primary targets against laryngeal cancer were IL6, JUN, TNF, IL2, IL4, IFNG, RELA, TP53, CDKN1A, and AKT1. GO enrichment yielded 41 CC, 78 MF, and 383 BP. Platinum drug resistance, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway, apoptosis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and 147 additional pathways have been added to KEGG. The results of molecular docking revealed that the core components had a high affinity for the core target. The results of the cell experiment indicate that beta-sitosterol suppressed Hep-2 cell activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, beta-sitosterol has powerful antiproliferative properties in Hep-2 cells. Flow cytometry results showed that beta-sitosterol promoted laryngeal cancer cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of RT-qPCR and Western Blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TP53, JUN, TNF-α, CDKN1A, and IL-2 were significantly up-regulated after beta-sitosterol treatment, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of RELA, AKT1, IL-6, IFNG, and IL-4 were significantly down-regulated. This study integrating GEO, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays investigated the probable mechanism of Bruceae Fructus' anti-laryngeal cancer activity, which can give a theoretical foundation for additional future animal experiments.