ArticleArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2024
Unraveling the Role of Sex in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction: Evidence From Lineage Tracing Mice and Cultured Cells.
Article in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatokine FGL1 drives endothelial injury and atherogenesisActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Exploring Sexual Dimorphism and Genetic Variability in Cutaneous Microhemodynamics in BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and KM Mice.Journal of vascular research · 2026Article
- Menopause and vascular endothelial health: Is it all about the oestrogen?Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Detrimental Effect of Plasma From Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis on Valvular Endothelial Cells: Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Factor Xa.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Junctions, Transporters, and Interactions of Endothelial Cells: Regulation by Ethanol.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases: molecular insights and clinical perspectives.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Atherosclerotic plaque-derived extracellular vesicles mediate smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and promote vascular remodeling : EVs promote VSMC phenotypic switching.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- TWIST1 drives endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Endothelial mitochondrial homeostasis in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-specific effects of resveratrol and metformin on mitochondrial function and inflammatory activation in a TNF-α-driven human iPSC-derived endothelial dysfunction model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A guide to cell-type-specific Cre mouse models in atherosclerosis: from background strains to future directions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex differences in endothelial cell biology: cellular phenotypes and molecular regulators.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Sex-specific angiogenic responses in endothelial cells-role of the pluripotency factor OCT4.Angiogenesis · 2025Article
- Fumarate Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease: Therapeutic Potential and Pathologic Pitfalls of DMF/MMF and FH1 Deficiency.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Review
- Current status and challenges of multi-omics research using animal models of atherosclerosis.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2025Review
- Immune and Vascular Function in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Interplay With Sex Differences and Impact on Incretin Therapy.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Sex-specific molecular drivers of cardiac fibrosis in aging hearts.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Sex-dependent Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Considerations in Right Heart Disease.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBiological sex differences play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. The endothelium is a critical contributor to cardiovascular pathologies since endothelial cells (ECs) regulate vascular tone, redox balance, and inflammatory reactions. Although EC activation and dysfunction play an essential role in the early and late stages of atherosclerosis development, little is known about sex-dependent differences in EC.
methodsWe used human and mouse aortic EC as well as EC-lineage tracing (
resultsIn vitro, female human and mouse aortic ECs showed more apoptosis and higher cellular reactive oxygen species levels than male EC. In addition, female mouse aortic EC had lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), lower TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A) levels, and decreased angiogenic potential (tube formation, cell viability, and proliferation) compared with male mouse aortic EC. In vivo, female mice had significantly higher lipid accumulation within the aortas, impaired glucose tolerance, and lower endothelial-mediated vasorelaxation than males. Using the EC-lineage tracing approach, we found that female lesions had significantly lower rates of intraplaque neovascularization and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition within advanced atherosclerotic lesions but higher incidents of missing EC lumen coverage and higher levels of oxidative products and apoptosis. RNA-seq analyses revealed that both mouse and human female EC had higher expression of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis and lower expression of genes related to angiogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation than male EC.
conclusionsOur study delineates critical sex-specific differences in EC relevant to proinflammatory, pro-oxidant, and angiogenic characteristics, which are entirely consistent with a vulnerable phenotype in females. Our results provide a biological basis for sex-specific proatherosclerotic mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.