ArticleBMC microbiology2023
Salmonella enterica in farm environments in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tracking of multidrug-resistant pathogen clones in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Salmonella species in live bird markets and processing environments in Plateau State, Nigeria.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- An unprecedented outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in kept Iberian wild goats (Capra pyrenaica).BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Virulence determinants and multidrug resistance of emerging Salmonella enterica subspecies salamae in broiler chickens: a potential zoonotic concern.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Structure of a contractile injection system in Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Prevalence, quantification, and household-level risk factors associated with Salmonella spp. infection in chickens in Boussouma commune, Burkina Faso.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, resistance profiles, and molecular characteristics of pediatric salmonella isolates: prevalence of a clonalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Public health impact of multidrug-resistantOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nontyphoidal Salmonella in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Review
- Clustering of Gastrointestinal Microorganisms in Human Stool Samples from Ghana.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella enterica are important foodborne pathogens and the third leading cause of death among diarrheal infections worldwide. This cross-sectional study investigated the frequency of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica in commercial and smallholder farm environments in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A total of 1490 environmental samples, comprising 800 (53.7%) soil (from poultry, pigs, sheep, goats and cattle farms), 409 (27.4%) pooled poultry fecal and 281 (18.9%) dust (from poultry farms) samples, were collected from 30 commercial and 64 smallholder farms. All samples were processed using standard culture methods. Isolates were identified by biochemical methods and confirmed using the VITEK 2 System. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion following the EUCAST guidelines. Serotyping was performed using the Kauffman White Le Minor Scheme.
resultsThe overall Salmonella frequency was 6.0% (n/N = 90/1490); the frequency varied according to the type of sample collected and included: 8.9% for dust (n/N = 25/281), 6.5% for soil (n/N = 52/800) and 3.2% for pooled poultry fecal samples (n/N = 13/409). Salmonella was also recovered from commercial farm environments (8.6%, n/N = 68/793) than from smallholder farms (3.2%, n/N = 22/697) (PR = 2.7, CI: 1.7 - 4.4). Thirty-four different Salmonella serovars were identified, the two most common being Rubislaw (27.8%, n/N = 25/90) and Tamale (12.2%, n/N = 11/90). Serovar diversity was highest in strains from soil samples (70.6%, n/N = 24/34) compared to those found in the dust (35.2%, n/N = 12/34) and in fecal samples (29.4%, n/N = 10/34). Salmonella frequency was much higher in the rainy season (8.4%, n/N = 85/1007) than in the dry season (1.0%, n/N = 5/483) (PR = 8.4, 95% CI: 3.3 - 20.0). Approximately 14.4% (n/N = 13/90) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials, with 84.6% (n/N = 11/13) being resistant to multiple antibiotics. All Salmonella Kentucky (n = 5) were resistant to ciprofloxacin.
conclusionThis study showed that farm environments represent an important reservoir for antibiotic-resistant Salmonella, which warrants monitoring and good husbandry practices, especially in commercial farms during the rainy season, to control the spread of this pathogen.
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