ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2023
Untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and subsequent risk of cervical cancer: population based cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association between cervical ectropion and high-grade cervical dysplasia in women of reproductive age.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- AI-assisted Radiomic Model for Cervical Cancer Recurrence Prediction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study with Experimental Validation.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2026Article
- Methylation biomarkers in non-regressive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 lesions: an epigenome wide association study.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Predictive biomarkers for regression in women undergoing active surveillance for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2: A prospective multicenter study in Italy.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- HPV vaccination following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 diagnosis and risk of progression.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Article
- Retrospective analysis of preoperative serum tumor marker levels and their correlation with pathological characteristics and prognosis in cervical cancer patients.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- PAX1/JAM3 methylation-a novel biomarker for early detection and accurate management of cervical adenocarcinoma.American journal of cancer research · 2026Review
- Management and natural course of CIN 1 and CIN 2 before and after implementation of the revised cervical cancer screening in Germany.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- CIN2 and Active Surveillance: Evidence from 48-Month Follow-Up in an HPV-Positive Cohort.Cancers · 2025Article
- Biomarkers differentiating regression from progression among untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 lesions.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Risk assessment in a Chinese cohort of 96 318 females undergoing opportunistic cervical cancer screening.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Effect of HPV integration on prognosis of young women with CIN2 in China: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Predictors for regression and progression of actively surveilled cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2: A prospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Observational
- Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus and related sequelae.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Antiproliferative Effect of Methanolic Extract ofMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Vitamin D, immune microenvironment, and cervical lesions: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies from polyps to carcinoma.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the long term risk of cervical cancer in women with untreated (that is, undergoing active surveillance) or immediately treated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2).
designNationwide population based historical cohort study.
settingDanish healthcare registries.
participantsWomen with CIN2 diagnosed in 1998-2020 and aged 18-40 years at diagnosis, who had either active surveillance or immediate treatment with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Women with a previous record of CIN2 or worse or LLETZ were excluded.
main outcome measureA Weibull survival model for interval censored time-to-event data was used to estimate the cumulative risk of cervical cancer. Inverse probability treatment weighting was used to adjust estimates for age, index cytology, calendar year, and region of residence.
resultsThe cohort included 27 524 women with CIN2, of whom 12 483 (45%) had active surveillance and 15 041 (55%) had immediate LLETZ. During follow-up, 104 cases of cervical cancer were identified-56 (54%) in the active surveillance group and 48 (46%) in the LLETZ group. The cumulative risk of cervical cancer was comparable across the two groups during the active surveillance period of two years. Thereafter, the risk increased in the active surveillance group, reaching 2.65% (95% confidence interval 2.07% to 3.23%) after 20 years, whereas it remained stable in the LLETZ group at 0.76% (0.58% to 0.95%).
conclusionsUndergoing active surveillance for CIN2, thereby leaving the lesion untreated, was associated with increased long term risk of cervical cancer compared with immediate LLETZ. These findings show the importance of continued follow-up of women having active surveillance.
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