ArticleThe New phytologist2024
Angiosperm flowers reached their highest morphological diversity early in their evolutionary history.
Article in The New phytologist, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trimerous magnoliid flowers with a unique set of floral and pollen traits from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Bohemia (Czech Republic).The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic constraints, conservatism, and convergence shape three-dimensional variation in flower morphology of a tropical orchid radiation.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Pulsed evolution shaped extant angiosperm pollen disparity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- GhmiR156-International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genome duplications, genomic conflict, and rapid phenotypic evolution characterize the Cretaceous radiation of Fagales.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2025Article
- Article
- The stepwise rise of angiosperm-dominated terrestrial ecosystems.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Article
- Extinction drives both expansion and contraction of morphological disparity in trilobites.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Application of the Montgomery Equation in Morphometric Analysis of Tepals: A Case Study ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evolution and development of complex floral displays.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Disparity of cycad leaves dispels the living fossil metaphor.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The hormone regulatory mechanism underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in tomato.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Flowers are the complex and highly diverse reproductive structures of angiosperms. Because of their role in sexual reproduction, the evolution of flowers is tightly linked to angiosperm speciation and diversification. Accordingly, the quantification of floral morphological diversity (disparity) among angiosperm subgroups and through time may give important insights into the evolutionary history of angiosperms as a whole. Based on a comprehensive dataset focusing on 30 characters describing floral structure across angiosperms, we used 1201 extant and 121 fossil flowers to measure floral disparity and explore patterns of floral evolution through time and across lineages. We found that angiosperms reached their highest floral disparity in the Early Cretaceous. However, decreasing disparity toward the present likely has not precluded the innovation of other complex traits at other morphological levels, which likely played a key role in the outstanding angiosperm species richness. Angiosperms occupy specific regions of the theoretical morphospace, indicating that only a portion of the possible floral trait combinations is observed in nature. The ANA grade, the magnoliids, and the early-eudicot grade occupy large areas of the morphospace (higher disparity), whereas nested groups occupy narrower regions (lower disparity).
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