ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2023
Inactivated vaccine with glycyrrhizic acid adjuvant elicits potent innate and adaptive immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory effects of glycyrrhizin and glucomannan on cytokine gene expression in human PBMCs: implications for vaccine adjuvant development.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Dietary glycyrrhizic acid improves growth performance and modulates upper respiratory microbiota in weaned piglets.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Foot-and-mouth disease in Asia.Virus research · 2025Review
- Oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid with intramuscular injection of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine enhances the adaptive immune system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Levamisole, as a viral vaccine adjuvant, induces robust host defense through the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Development of semisynthetic saponin immunostimulants.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease that is fatal to young animals and is a major threat to the agricultural economy by reducing production and limiting the movement of livestock. The currently commercially-available FMD vaccine is prepared using an inactivated viral antigen in an oil emulsion, with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH) Methods: To address the limitations of the currently used commercial FMD vaccine, we added glycyrrhizic acid as an adjuvant (immunostimulant) to the FMD bivalent (O PA2 + A YC) vaccine. We then evaluated its efficacy in promoting both innate and adaptive (cellular and humoral) immune reactions Results: Glycyrrhizic acid has been revealed to induce an innate immune response and enhance early, mid-, and long-term immunity. The studied bivalent vaccine with glycyrrhizic acid increased the expression of immunoregulatory genes such as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokines, transcription factors, and co-stimulatory molecules. Conclusion: Collectively, glycyrrhizic acid could have utility as a novel vaccine adjuvant that can address the limitations of commercialized FMD vaccines by inducing potent innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.