Ductile, High-Lignin-Content Thermoset Films and Coatings.

In the context of transitioning toward a more sustainable use of natural resources, the application of lignin to substitute commonly utilized petroleum-based plastics can play a key role. Although lignin is highly available at low cost and presents interesting properties, such as antioxidant and UV barrier activities, its application is limited by its low reactivity, which is a consequence of harsh conditions normally used to extract lignin from biomass. In this work, the use of glyoxylic acid lignin (GA lignin), rich in carboxylic acid groups and hence highly reactive toward epoxy cross-linkers, is presented. GA lignin, which is directly extracted from biomass via a one-step aldehyde-assisted fractionation process, allowed the preparation of thermoset films and coatings via a simple reaction with sustainable poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glycerol diglycidyl ether cross-linkers. This allows one to prepare freestanding films containing up to 70 wt % lignin with tunable mechanical properties and covalently surface-attached coatings containing up to 90 wt % lignin with high solvent resistance. Both films and coatings display antioxidant properties and combine excellent UV barrier activity with high visible transparency, which is attractive for applications in sustainable food packaging.