Kinetics and Role of Pancreatic Stone Protein and Midregional Proadrenomedullin as Predictors of Sepsis and Bacteremia in Children with Hematological Malignancies.

Background: To investigate the kinetics and prognostic value of pancreatic stone protein (PSP) and mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) during episodes of febrile neutropenia (FN) in children with hematological malignancies. Material and methods: We evaluated prospectively a total of 70 FN episodes in 70 children with acute leukemias and lymphomas. CRP, PSP, and MR-proADM levels were measured at the onset of the febrile episode (day 1), day 3, and day 7. The outcome and survival of children were evaluated during the study period until day 28. The performance of each marker in identifying sepsis or severe sepsis was assessed as an area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ROC curves were used for each biomarker to derive cut-offs for sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing sepsis from non-sepsis. Results: During the 2-year study period, 70 febrile neutropenia episodes in 70 children with hematological malignancies were enrolled. Of 70 episodes of febrile neutropenia, in 17 (24%), a bacterial/fungal infection was documented. Criteria for sepsis were fulfilled for 31 (44%) and 7 (10%) patients were admitted to PICU. The median values of all biomarkers on day 1 differed significantly between patients with and without sepsis. PSP, MR-proADM, and CRP specificity were 0.82, 0.70, and 0.57, respectively. The sensitivity of PSP, MR-proADM, and CRP were 0.84, 0.74, and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: PSP and MR-proADM are promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis during FN episodes in children with hematological malignancies. However, PSP has a higher sensitivity and specificity.