Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38027482›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023

Epidural combined optical and electrical stimulation induces high-specificity activation of target muscles in spinal cord injured rats.

Xiao-Jun Guo, Ziyi Zhao, Jia-Qi Chang, Le-Wei He, Wen-Nan Su, Ting Feng, Can Zhao, Meng Xu, Jia-Sheng Rao

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xiao-Jun Guo *Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Ziyi Zhao *Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jia-Qi Chang *Smart Fluid Equipment and Manufacture Lab, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang Univeristy, Beijing, China.
Le-Wei HeBeijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Wen-Nan SuBeijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Ting FengBeijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Can ZhaoInstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China.
Meng XuDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jia-Sheng RaoBeijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Beihang University · CNChinese PLA General Hospital · CNChina Rehabilitation Research Center · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) has been shown to improve motor dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI) by activating residual locomotor neural networks. However, the stimulation current often spreads excessively, leading to activation of non-target muscles and reducing the accuracy of stimulation regulation. Objectives: Near-infrared nerve stimulation (nINS) was combined with EES to explore its regulatory effect on lower limb muscle activity in spinal-cord-transected rats. Methods: In this study, stimulation electrodes were implanted into the rats' L3-L6 spinal cord segment with T8 cord transected. Firstly, a series of EES parameters (0.2-0.6 mA and 20-60 Hz) were tested to determine those that specifically regulate the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG). Subsequently, to determine the effect of combined optical and electrical stimulation, near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 808 nm was used to irradiate the L3-L6 spinal cord segment while EES was performed. The amplitude of electromyography (EMG), the specific activation intensity of the target muscle, and the minimum stimulus current intensity to induce joint movement (motor threshold) under a series of optical stimulation parameters (power: 0.0-2.0 W; pulse width: 0-10 ms) were investigated and analyzed. Results: EES stimulation with 40 Hz at the L3 and L6 spinal cord segments specifically activated TA and MG, respectively. High stimulation intensity (>2 × motor threshold) activated non-target muscles, while low stimulation frequency (<20 Hz) produced intermittent contraction. Compared to electrical stimulation alone (0.577 ± 0.081 mV), the combined stimulation strategy could induce stronger EMG amplitude of MG (1.426 ± 0.365 mV) after spinal cord injury ( Conclusion: The study demonstrates the feasibility of epidural combined electrical and optical stimulation for highly specific regulation of muscle activity after SCI, and provides a new strategy for improving motor dysfunction caused by SCI.

Indexed as

epidural electrical stimulationmotor functionmuscle activitynear-infrared nerve stimulationneuromodulationrehabilitationspinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID38027482
PMCPMC10667474
OpenAlexW4388633202

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.