ArticleKidney international reports2023
Assessing GFR With Proenkephalin.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma proenkephalin-a facilitates measurement of human kidney functional reserve: From healthy kidney donors to polymorbid patients.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Proenkephalin for Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS) Study.American journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Proenkephalin a 119-159 for evaluating glomerular filtration rate and hemodialysis adequacy in patients with end-stage kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Proenkephalin A for assessing kidney integrity and guiding KRT liberation decisions in critically ill patients.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- What new renal biomarkers tell us about renal physiology: Collection: physiology applied to ICU.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Perioperative Care: A Scoping Review of Clinical Implementation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a Novel Biomarker Panel for Acute Kidney Injury Following Endovascular Aortic Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Proenkephalin (PENK): a functional biomarker in chronic kidney diseases - hope or just a new bystander?Journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Markers of Kidney Injury: Proenkephalin A and Uromodulin, but Not Dickkopf-3, Are Elevated in Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Complementary role of transcriptomic endotyping and protein-based biomarkers for risk stratification in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based prediction models for renal impairment in Chinese adults with hyperuricaemia: risk factor analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Implementation and One-Year Evaluation of Proenkephalin A in Critical Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Proenkephalin improves cardio-renal risk prediction in acute coronary syndromes: the KID-ACS score.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Proenkephalin A 119-159 in Kidney Transplantation: A Novel Biomarker for Superior Tracking of Graft Function Trajectories.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- A comparison of the renal function biomarkers serum creatinine, pro-enkephalin and cystatin C to predict clearance of pemetrexed.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Proenkephalin A 119-159 in Perioperative and Intensive Care-A Promising Biomarker or Merely Another Option?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) and mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: In clinical practice, kidney (dys)function is monitored through creatinine-based estimations of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD], Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]). Creatinine is recognized as a late and insensitive biomarker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The novel biomarker proenkephalin (PENK) may overcome these limitations, but no PENK-based equation for eGFR is currently available. Therefore, we developed and validated a PENK-based equation to assess GFR. Methods: In this international multicenter study in 1354 stable and critically ill patients, GFR was measured (mGFR) through iohexol or iothalamate clearance. A generalized linear model with sigmoidal nonlinear transfer function was used for equation development in the block-randomized development set. Covariates were selected in a data-driven fashion. The novel equation was assessed for bias, precision (mean ± SD), and accuracy (eGFR percentage within ±30% of mGFR, P30) in the validation set and compared with MDRD and CKD-EPI. Results: Median mGFR was 61 [44-81] ml/min per 1.73 m Conclusion: Overall, the PENK-based equation to assess eGFR performed better than most creatinine-based equations without using sex or race.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.