ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2023
Long-term serological surveillance for West Nile and Usutu virus in horses in south-West Spain.
Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Life-history traits associated to West Nile virus seroprevalence in wild birds: Lessons from the recent outbreaks in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- A versatile fluorescent reporter for Usutu virus drug screening and infection tracking.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Horses as a Sentinel Host in One Health Surveillance: Epidemiological Insights and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The ecology of biting: buzzing through the main ecological, environmental and biological drivers of mosquito-borne diseases.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Diagnosis and Surveillance of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses: Current Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Serological Evidence of Flavivirus Exposure and Limited Avian Influenza Exposure in Urban House Martins from Southwestern Spain.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Europe: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Environmental Drivers, and the Role of Equine Sentinel Surveillance in a One Health Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Land and climate suitability for West Nile virus in Atlantic archipelagos guided by historical data from Europe.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Temporal changes in intensity of bird parasite infections are dependent on latitude in the Western Palearctic.PloS one · 2026Article
- Spanish West Nile virus isolates of lineages 1 and 2 elicit different patterns of infection in red-legged partridges.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Mosquito Exposure Risks in Equine Facilities: An Environmental-Managerial Assessment in Western Romania.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Wild Mammals as Sentinels for West Nile Virus Circulation: Evidence from Serbia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence and Passive Clinical Surveillance of West Nile Virus in Horses from Ecological High-Risk Areas in Western Romania: Exploratory Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Vector surveillance of avian Plasmodium and West Nile virus in Culex mosquitoes from Doñana, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile, Usutu and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in equids from south-western France in 2023.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Laboratory evidence on the vector competence of European field-captured Culex theileri for circulating West Nile virus lineages 1 and 2.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Exposure to West Nile Virus in Wild Lagomorphs in Spanish Mediterranean Ecosystems.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- The Spread of the Mosquito-Transmitted West Nile Virus in North America and Europe.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.Microorganisms · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen with increasing incidence in Europe, producing a recent outbreak in 2020 in Spain with 77 human cases and eight fatalities. However, the factors explaining the observed changes in the incidence of WNV in Europe are not completely understood. Longitudinal monitoring of WNV in wild animals across Europe is a useful approach to understand the eco-epidemiology of WNV in the wild and the risk of spillover into humans. However, such studies are very scarce up to now. Here, we analysed the occurrence of WNV and Usutu virus (USUV) antibodies in 2102 samples collected between 2005 and 2020 from a population of feral horses in Doñana National Park. The prevalence of WNV antibodies varied between years, with a mean seroprevalence of 8.1% (range 0%-25%) and seasonally. Climate conditions including mean minimum annual temperatures and mean rainy days per year were positively correlated with WNV seroprevalence, while the annual rainfall was negatively. We also detected the highest incidence of seroconversions in 2020 coinciding with the human outbreak in southern Spain. Usutu virus-specific antibodies were detected in the horse population since 2011. The WNV outbreak in humans was preceded by a long period of increasing circulation of WNV among horses with a very high exposure in the year of the outbreak. These results highlight the utility of One Health approaches to better understand the transmission dynamics of zoonotics pathogens.
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