ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2023
Risk of Hospitalization and Mortality Following Medically Attended Norovirus Infection-Veterans Health Administration, 2010-2018.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individual-level Factors Associated With Acute Hospitalization After Medically Attended Acute Gastroenteritis and Norovirus Gastroenteritis in the United States, 2022-2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Wastewater surveillance as an early warning indicator for norovirus: Validating wastewater signals against clinical indicators in British Columbia, Canada, 2021-2025.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Health Care Costs Associated With Norovirus at the Veterans Health Administration.JAMA network open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: While prior studies have suggested a role for norovirus gastroenteritis in contributing to severe morbidity and mortality, the importance of norovirus as a causal pathogen for hospitalization and mortality remains poorly understood. We estimated the effect of laboratory-confirmed norovirus infection on hospitalization and mortality among a national cohort of veterans who sought care within the Veterans Affairs health care system. Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from a cohort study of adults who were tested for norovirus within the Veterans Affairs system between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2018. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for hospitalization and mortality were estimated using log-binomial regression models, adjusting for age, Results: In total, 23 196 veterans had 25 668 stool samples tested for norovirus; 2156 samples (8.4%) tested positive. Testing positive for norovirus infection, compared with testing negative, was associated with a slight increased risk of hospitalization (aRR, 1.13 [95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.21]) and a significant increased risk of mortality within 3 days after the norovirus test (2.14 [1.10-4.14]). The mortality aRR within 1 week and 1 month were reduced to 1.40 (95% confidence interval, .84-2.34) and 0.97 (.70-1.35), respectively. Conclusions: Older veterans with multiple comorbid conditions were at a slight increased risk of hospitalization and significant increased risk of mortality in the 3 days after a norovirus-positive test, compared with those testing negative. Clinicians should be aware of these risks and can use these data to inform clinical management for veterans with norovirus.
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Registered trials
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