Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38023134›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2023

Causes of death in women with breast cancer: a risks and rates study on a population-based cohort.

Paolo Contiero, Roberto Boffi, Alessandro Borgini, Sabrina Fabiano, Andrea Tittarelli, Michael Mian, Fabio Vittadello, Susi Epifani, Antonino Ardizzone, Claudia Cirilli and 17 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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  10. Design, synthesis,RSC advances · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Paolo ContieroEnvironmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Roberto BoffiRespiratory Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Alessandro BorginiEnvironmental Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Sabrina FabianoCancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Andrea TittarelliCancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Michael MianInnovation, Research and Teaching Service, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität (PMU), Bozen, Italy.
Fabio VittadelloExplora, Research and Statistical Analysis, Padova, Italy.
Susi EpifaniStatistics and Epidemiology Unit, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy.
Antonino ArdizzoneStatistics and Epidemiology Unit, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy.
Claudia CirilliServizio di Epidemiologia e Comunicazione del Rischio-Unità Funzionale di Modena, Registro Tumori Regione, Modena, Italy.
Lorenza BoschettiPavia Cancer Registry, Public Health Agency of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Stefano MarguatiPavia Cancer Registry, Public Health Agency of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Giuseppe CasconeRagusa Cancer Registry Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Ragusa (ASP), Ragusa, Italy.
Rosario TuminoRagusa Cancer Registry Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Ragusa (ASP), Ragusa, Italy.
Anna Clara FanettiATS della Montagna, S.S. Epidemiologia, Sondrio, Italy.
Paola GiumelliATS della Montagna, S.S. Epidemiologia, Sondrio, Italy.
Giuseppa CandelaTrapani and Agrigento Cancer Registry, Trapani, Italy.
Tiziana ScuderiTrapani and Agrigento Cancer Registry, Trapani, Italy.
Maurizio CastelliDipartimento di Prevenzione Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta Loc, Quart, Italy.
Salvatore BongiornoDipartimento di Prevenzione Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta Loc, Quart, Italy.
Giulio BarigellettiCancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Viviana PerottiCancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Chiara VeroneseRespiratory Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Fabio TurazzaCardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Marina CrivaroCardiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Giovanna TagliabueCancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
MAPACA Working Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing survival of patients with breast cancer has prompted the assessment of mortality due to all causes of death in these patients. We estimated the absolute risks of death from different causes, useful for health-care planning and clinical prediction, as well as cause-specific hazards, useful for hypothesis generation on etiology and risk factors. Materials and methods: Using data from population-based cancer registries we performed a retrospective study on a cohort of women diagnosed with primary breast cancer. We carried out a competing-cause analysis computing cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) and cause-specific hazards (CSHs) in the whole cohort, separately by age, stage and registry area. Results: The study cohort comprised 12,742 women followed up for six years. Breast cancer showed the highest CIF, 13.71%, and cardiovascular disease was the second leading cause of death with a CIF of 3.60%. The contribution of breast cancer deaths to the CIF for all causes varied widely by age class: 89.25% in women diagnosed at age <50 years, 72.94% in women diagnosed at age 50-69 and 48.25% in women diagnosed at age ≥70. Greater CIF variations were observed according to stage: the contribution of causes other than breast cancer to CIF for all causes was 73.4% in women with stage I disease, 42.9% in stage II-III and only 13.2% in stage IV. CSH computation revealed temporal variations: in women diagnosed at age ≥70 the CSH for breast cancer was equaled by that for cardiovascular disease and "other diseases" in the sixth year following diagnosis, and an early peak for breast cancer was identified in the first year following diagnosis. Among women aged 50-69 we identified an early peak for breast cancer followed by a further peak near the second year of follow-up. Comparison by geographic area highlighted conspicuous variations: the highest CIF for cardiovascular disease was more than 70% higher than the lowest, while for breast cancer the highest CIF doubled the lowest. Conclusion: The integrated interpretation of absolute risks and hazards suggests the need for multidisciplinary surveillance and prevention using community-based, holistic and well-coordinated survivorship care models.

Indexed as

breast cancercardio-oncologycardiovascular diseasecause-specific deathcompeting-risk modelgeographic variationpopulation-based cancer registriesrespiratory disease

Identifiers

PMID38023134
PMCPMC10646497

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.