ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
A phase I oncolytic virus trial with vesicular stomatitis virus expressing human interferon beta and tyrosinase related protein 1 administered intratumorally and intravenously in uveal melanoma: safety, efficacy, and T cell responses.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of oncolytic virus in the treatment of intermediate-to-advanced solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of virology · 2025Pooled it
- Overcoming melanoma drug resistance: Mechanisms and clinical progress of oncolytic viruses combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Beyond oncogenesis: the unexplored benefits of viruses in cancer immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- IRF1 regulates apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ameliorates osteoporosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Low-density lipoproteins in human serum competitively inhibit the binding and entry of vesicular stomatitis virus.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Pre-Encoded IFN-I Sensitivity Exacerbates Memory T Cell Senescence in Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Oncolytic viruses and cytokine-based gene therapies reprogram the tumor microenvironment.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Illuminating the path to oncolysis: rise of microbial phototherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Bispecific T-Cell Engagers, Cell Therapies, and Other Non-Checkpoint Immunotherapies for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Constitutive NF-kB Activation Is Amplified by VSV in Aggressive PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells That Resist Viral Oncolysis.Viruses · 2026Article
- Interferon-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present, and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Can Immune Checkpoint Modulation Redefine Ocular Immunotherapy? Emerging Mechanisms, Challenges, and Translational Opportunities-A Comprehensive Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Viral-Directed Augmentation of Kupffer Cell Cross-Presentation Provokes Antitumor Immunity Against Liver Metastasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Constitutive NF-κB Activation is Amplified by VSV in Aggressive PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells that Resist Viral Oncolysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- State-of-the-art in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Treatment: A 2025 Update : How to treat Metastatic Uveal Melanoma in 2025.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Oncolytic immunovirotherapy: finding the tumor antigen needle in the antiviral haystack.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Oncolytic viruses as cancer therapeutics: From mechanistic insights to clinical translation.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- SMAC-armed oncolytic virotherapy enhances the anticancer activity of PD1 blockade by modulating PANoptosis.Biomarker research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) has a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. These patients do not typically experience durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Oncolytic viruses (OV) represent a novel approach to immunotherapy for patients with MUM. Methods: We developed an OV with a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) vector modified to express interferon-beta (IFN-β) and Tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) (VSV-IFNβ-TYRP1), and conducted a Phase 1 clinical trial with a 3 + 3 design in patients with MUM. VSV-IFNβ-TYRP1 was injected into a liver metastasis, then administered on the same day as a single intravenous (IV) infusion. The primary objective was safety. Efficacy was a secondary objective. Results: 12 patients with previously treated MUM were enrolled. Median follow up was 19.1 months. 4 dose levels (DLs) were evaluated. One patient at DL4 experienced dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), including decreased platelet count (grade 3), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). 4 patients had stable disease (SD) and 8 patients had progressive disease (PD). Interferon gamma (IFNγ) ELIspot data showed that more patients developed a T cell response to virus encoded TYRP1 at higher DLs, and a subset of patients also had a response to other melanoma antigens, including gp100, suggesting epitope spreading. 3 of the patients who responded to additional melanoma antigens were next treated with ICIs, and 2 of these patients experienced durable responses. Discussion: Our study found that VSV-IFNβ -TYRP1 can be safely administered via intratumoral (IT) and IV routes in a previously treated population of patients with MUM. Although there were no clear objective radiographic responses to VSV-IFNβ-TYRP1, dose-dependent immunogenicity to TYRP1 and other melanoma antigens was seen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.