ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
TIM-3/Gal-9 interaction affects glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent trends in research on the role of cholesterol in leukemia: a bibliometric and visualization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Monocyte Galectin-9 is associated with CD8⁺ T-cell dysfunction and early relapse after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Metabolic remodeling of endometriosis microenvironment: Energy stress and immune evasion.iScience · 2026Review
- Review
- TIM-3 in AML: a janus-faced orchestrator of immune exhaustion and leukemic self-renewal.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Profiles of Growth Factors Secreted by In Vitro-Stimulated Paediatric Acute Leukaemia Blasts of Myeloid and Lymphoid Origin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Galectin-9-An Emerging Glyco-Immune Checkpoint Target for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Galectins-1, -3 and -9 in leukemia: mechanistic insights and therapeutic translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Small non-coding RNAs: key regulatory factors and potential therapeutic targets in tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- TIM-3/Galectin-9 interaction and glutamine metabolism in AML cell lines, HL-60 and THP-1.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer drug resistance by galectin-1: cellular and molecular implications.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2024Review
- CAR-T-Cell Therapy Based on Immune Checkpoint Modulation in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) is a transmembrane molecule first identified as an immunoregulator. This molecule is also expressed on leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and master cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of TIM-3 interaction with its ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9) on glucose and lipid metabolism in AML cell lines. Methods: HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines, representing M3 and M5 AML subtypes, respectively, were cultured under appropriate conditions. The expression of TIM-3 on the cell surface was ascertained by flow cytometric assay. We used real-time PCR to examine the mRNA expression of GLUT-1, HK-2, PFKFB-3, G6PD, ACC-1, ATGL, and CPT-1A; colorimetric assays to measure the concentration of glucose, lactate, GSH, and the enzymatic activity of G6PD; MTT assay to determine cellular proliferation; and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to designate FFAs. Results: We observed the significant upregulated expression of Conclusion: TIM-3/Gal-9 ligation on AML cell lines results in aerobic glycolysis and altered lipid metabolism and also protects cells from oxidative stress, all in favor of leukemic cell survival and proliferation.
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