ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
The spatial dynamics of immune response upon virus infection through hybrid dynamical computational model.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- In silico pharmacological evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeting the G1 and G2 glycoproteins of Oropouche virus via TLR3 interaction.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous immune recovery after viral response through a dynamical model of feedback-driven persistence and clearance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Spatially structured models of viral dynamics: a scoping review.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The immune responses play important roles in the course of disease initiation and progression upon virus infection such as SARS-CoV-2. As the tissues consist of spatial structures, the spatial dynamics of immune responses upon viral infection are essential to the outcome of infection. Methods: A hybrid computational model based on cellular automata coupled with partial differential equations is developed to simulate the spatial patterns and dynamics of the immune responses of tissue upon virus infection with several different immune movement modes. Results: Various patterns of the distribution of virus particles under different immune strengths and movement modes of immune cells are obtained through the computational models. The results also reveal that the directed immune cell wandering model has a better immunization effect. Several other characteristics, such as the peak level of virus density and onset time and the onset of the diseases, are also checked with different immune and physiological conditions, for example, different immune clearance strengths, and different cell-to-cell transmission rates. Furthermore, by the Lasso analysis, it is identified that the three main parameters had the most impact on the rate of onset time of disease. It is also shown that the cell-to-cell transmission rate has a significant effect and is more important for controlling the diseases than those for the cell-free virus given that the faster cell-to-cell transmission than cell-free transmission the rate of virus release is low. Discussion: Our model simulates the process of viral and immune response interactions in the alveola repithelial tissues of infected individuals, providing insights into the viral propagation of viruses in two dimensions as well as the influence of immune response patterns and key factors on the course of infection.
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