ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Immunotherapy in patients with brain metastasis: advances and challenges for the treatment and the application of circulating biomarkers.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Treatment modalities in recurrent brain metastases: a combined institutional and individual patient data meta-analysis of post-recurrence survival and local progression-free survival.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Predicting and Monitoring Immunotherapy Response in Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Melanoma Brain Metastasis, Prognostic Factors, and Survival Outcomes After First Metastatic Line Therapy: A Monocentric Retrospective Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Observational
- Decoding Brain Metastasis With Liquid Biopsy: Biomarkers and Technologies in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Brain metastasis-associated cancer fibroblasts drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance through IL26 and CX3CL1 signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- Unleashing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy in lung cancer: biologic challenges and clinical advances.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Article
- Prevalence, treatment patterns, and survival of patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study using the TriNetX Oncology Database.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Article
- Targeted drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases: the role of nanotechnology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy revolutionizing brain metastatic cancer treatment: personalized strategies for transformative outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A comprehensive neuroimaging review of the primary and metastatic brain tumors treated with immunotherapy: current status, and the application of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most frequent metastatic sites of various cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. The development of brain metastases requires a specific therapeutic approach and is associated with high mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Advances in precision medicine and the introduction in recent years of new drugs, such as immunotherapy, have made it possible to improve the prognosis of these patients by improving survival and quality of life. New diagnostic techniques such as liquid biopsy allow real-time monitoring of tumor evolution, providing molecular information on prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment in blood or other fluids. In this review, we perform an exhaustive update of the clinical trials that demonstrate the utility of immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases and the potential of circulating biomarkers to improving the results of efficacy and toxicity in this subgroup of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.