ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Tertiary lymphoid structures as local perpetuators of organ-specific immune injury: implication for lupus nephritis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cell-Targeted Inhibition of CaMK4 Suppresses Tertiary Lymphoid-like Structure Development in Lupus-Prone Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- IgA autoantibodies promote inflammation, Th17 polarization and fibrotic responses in hidradenitis suppurativa.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Engineering Adaptive Immunity in 3D: A Patient-Specific Lymphoid Model Using Stromal Networks and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Reducing Glucocorticoid Burden in Lupus with Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Docosahexaenoic Acid Augments Prednisone Efficacy in Maintaining Cyclophosphamide-Induced Remission of Preclinical Lupus Nephritis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis: Pathogenesis and heterogeneity.CytoJournal · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: from innate and adaptive dysregulation to clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Renal interstitial infiltration by non-Hodgkin lymphoma: clinicopathological features, outcomes, and prognostic markers from a Chinese biopsy cohort.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Cxcl9Communications biology · 2025Article
- Role of Fibroblast-Immune Crosstalk in Kidney, Lung, and Skin Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Inhibition of VEGFR-3 by SAR131675 decreases renal inflammation and lymphangiogenesis in the murine lupus nephritis model.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics-based identification of key genes for Olaparib resistance in breast cancer: prognostic implications and therapeutic relevance.Discover oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In response to inflammatory stimuli in conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections and cancers, immune cells organize in nonlymphoid tissues, which resemble secondary lymphoid organs. Such immune cell clusters are called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Here, we describe the potential role of TLS in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, focusing on lupus nephritis, a condition that incurs major morbidity and mortality. In the kidneys of patients and animals with lupus nephritis, the presence of immune cell aggregates with similar cell composition, structure, and gene signature as lymph nodes and of lymphoid tissue-inducer and -organizer cells, along with evidence of communication between stromal and immune cells are indicative of the formation of TLS. TLS formation in kidneys affected by lupus may be instigated by local increases in lymphorganogenic chemokines such as CXCL13, and in molecules associated with leukocyte migration and vascularization. Importantly, the presence of TLS in kidneys is associated with severe tubulointerstitial inflammation, higher disease activity and chronicity indices, and poor response to treatment in patients with lupus nephritis. TLS may contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis by increasing local IFN-I production, facilitating the recruitment and supporting survival of autoreactive B cells, maintaining local production of systemic autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm/RNP autoantibodies, and initiating epitope spreading to local autoantigens. Resolution of TLS, along with improvement in lupus, by treating animals with soluble BAFF receptor, docosahexaenoic acid, complement inhibitor C4BP(
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