ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses in overweight and obese COVID-19 patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated body mass index is associated with delayed protective airway mucosal immune responses in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly olive oil intake, and metabolic health parameters are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced IgG responses.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Symptom burden, viral load, and antibody response to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain [D614G] in an outpatient household cohort.PloS one · 2026Article
- Impact of obesity on COVID-19 CoronaVac and ChAdOx1-S vaccine efficacy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Reduced IFN-γ-expressing SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of ageing on homologous and human-coronavirus-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- The Impact of Obesity on the Host-Pathogen Interaction with Influenza Viruses - Novel Insights: Narrative Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for severe respiratory tract infections. In this prospective study, we assessed the impact of being obese or overweight on longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular responses up to 18 months after infection. 274 patients provided blood samples at regular time intervals up to 18 months including obese (BMI ≥30, n=32), overweight (BMI 25-29.9, n=103) and normal body weight (BMI 18.5-24.9, n=134) SARS-CoV-2 patients. We determined SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG, IgA, IgM levels by ELISA and neutralising antibody titres by neutralisation assay. RBD- and spike-specific memory B cells were investigated by ELISpot, spike- and non-spike-specific IFN-γ, IL-2 and IFN-γ/IL-2 secreting T cells by FluoroSpot and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed. Higher BMI correlated with increased COVID-19 severity. Humoral and cellular responses were stronger in overweight and obese patients than normal weight patients and associated with higher spike-specific IgG binding titres relative to neutralising antibody titres. Linear regression models demonstrated that BMI, age and COVID-19 severity correlated independently with higher SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. We found an increased proportion of unique SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell clonotypes after infection in overweight and obese patients. COVID-19 vaccination boosted humoral and cellular responses irrespective of BMI, although stronger immune boosting was observed in normal weight patients. Overall, our results highlight more severe disease and an over-reactivity of the immune system in overweight and obese patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, underscoring the importance of recognizing overweight/obese individuals as a risk group for prioritisation for COVID-19 vaccination.
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