ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Variability in excess deaths across countries with different vulnerability during 2020-2023.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gini coefficient, GDP per capita and COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review of ecologic studies.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term mortality rate changes and inverse patterns for pandemic and post-pandemic excess mortality.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Post-pandemic mortality patterns and COVID-19 burden considering multiple death causes.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Mortality Related to Different Circulatory Diseases Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Large-scale assessment of socioeconomic, demographic and health system structures with US county excess mortality, 2020-2024.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Inequality in life expectancy losses by education in Finland during COVID-19 pandemic.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Mortality risk during the COVID-19 pandemic is shaped by human development.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Public health authorities in Germany during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - a constructive-critical reflection.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2026Article
- Article
- Regional patterns of excess mortality in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: a state-level analysis.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Post-pandemic excess mortality of COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a retrospective study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Mortality in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2020-2023: higher excess mortality during an influenza wave in 2022 than during all COVID-19 waves altogether.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of COVID-19 seroprevalence rates, observed infection rates, and infection-related mortality.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- WHO'Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Differential risk of healthcare workers versus the general population during outbreak, war and pandemic crises.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Making sense of national and international disparities in excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- The cost of inaction on health equity and its social determinants.BMJ global health · 2024Review
- Why the world cannot afford the rich.Nature · 2024Article
- Excess Mortality Stratified by Age and Sex for Croatia and Croatian Counties during the 2020-2021 COVID-19 Pandemic.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
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Abstract
Excess deaths provide total impact estimates of major crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated excess death trajectories across countries with accurate death registration and population age structure data and assessed relationships with vulnerability indicators. Using the Human Mortality Database on 34 countries, excess deaths were calculated for 2020-2023 (to week 29, 2023) using 2017-2019 as reference, with adjustment for 5 age strata. Countries were divided into less and more vulnerable; the latter had per capita nominal GDP < $30,000, Gini > 0.35 for income inequality and/or at least ≥2.5% of their population living in poverty. Excess deaths (as proportion of expected deaths, p%) were inversely correlated with per capita GDP (
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