Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38019696›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2023

Tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and co-infection with other acute respiratory pathogens using a sentinel surveillance system in Rift Valley, Kenya.

Vincent Kiplangat Ruttoh, Samwel Lifumo Symekher, Janet Masitsa Majanja, Silvanos Mukunzi Opanda, Esther Wanguche Chitechi, Meshack Wadegu, Ronald Tonui, Peter Kipkemboi Rotich, Tonny Teya Nyandwaro, Anne Wanjiru Mwangi and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Respiratory pathogenic microbial infections: a narrative review.International journal of medical sciences · 2024
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Vincent Kiplangat RuttohCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.ORCID 0000-0001-8759-0725
Samwel Lifumo SymekherCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Janet Masitsa MajanjaCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Silvanos Mukunzi OpandaCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Esther Wanguche ChitechiCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Meshack WadeguCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Ronald TonuiDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya.
Peter Kipkemboi RotichCentre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Tonny Teya NyandwaroCentre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Anne Wanjiru MwangiCentre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Ibrahim Ndungu MwangiCentre for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Robert Momanyi OiraCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Audrey Gwazima MusimbiCentre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Samson Muuo NzouCentre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya.
Kenya Medical Research Institute · KEAfrican Centre for Technology Studies · KE

Funding

Pfizer Inc. 61773471
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most significant public health challenge in over a century. SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 765 million people worldwide, resulting in over 6.9 million deaths. This study aimed to detect community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and monitor the co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 with other acute respiratory pathogens in Rift Valley, Kenya.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional active sentinel surveillance for the SARS-CoV-2 virus among patients with acute respiratory infections at four sites in Rift Valley from January 2022 to December 2022. One thousand two hundred seventy-one patients aged between 3 years and 98 years presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) were recruited into the study. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens from all study participants were screened using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

resultsThe samples that tested positive for influenza A (n = 73) and RSV (n = 12) were subtyped, while SARS-CoV-2 (n = 177) positive samples were further screened for 12 viral and seven bacterial respiratory pathogens. We had a prevalence of 13.9% for SARS-CoV-2, 5.7% for influenza A, 2% for influenza B and 1% for RSV. Influenza A-H1pdm09 and RSV B were the most dominant circulating subtypes of influenza A and RSV, respectively. The most common co-infecting pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 29) and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 19), accounting for 16.4% and 10.7% of all the SARS-CoV-2 positive samples.

conclusionsAugmenting syndromic testing in acute respiratory infections (ARIs) surveillance is crucial to inform evidence-based clinical and public health interventions.

Indexed as

CoinfectionCOVID-19Influenza, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesHumansKenyaSARS-CoV-2Sentinel Surveillanceacute respiratory infectionsinfluenzaSARS-CoV-2sentinel surveillance

Identifiers

PMID38019696
PMCPMC10686236
OpenAlexW4389131686

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.