ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2024
Alcohol, Smoking, and Risks of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Women with Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of smoking on subtypes and molecular profile of breast cancer: a systematic review.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of health behaviour interventions on alcohol consumption among people living with cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Review
- Factors associated with the occurrence of breast nodules in perimenopausal women: A cross-sectional study in China.Medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of an immune-metabolic biosignature linking depressive symptoms and breast cancer in a clinical population.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Role of Integrative Oncology in Patients Affected by Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Human sporadic breast carcinoma histotypes driven by the Human Betaretrovirus homologous to Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of withanolides as key modulators in breast cancer mitigation.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The recurrence and mortality risk in Luminal A breast cancer patients who lived in high pollution area.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study evaluates the relationship between smoking, alcohol, and breast cancer outcomes according to molecular subtype.
methodsThis population-based prospective cohort consisted of 3,876 women ages 20 to 69 diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer from 2004 to 2015 in the Seattle-Puget Sound region. Breast cancer was categorized into three subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expressions: luminal (ER+), triple-negative (TN; ER-/PR-/HER2-), and HER2-overexpressing (H2E; ER-/HER2+). We fit Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between alcohol consumption and smoking status at diagnosis and risks of recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality.
resultsHistories of ever smoking [HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.74] and current smoking (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07-2.35) were associated with greater risk of breast cancer recurrence among TN cases. Smoking was also associated with greater risk of recurrence to bone among all cases and among luminal cases. Elevated risks of breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality were observed among current smokers across all subtypes. Alcohol use was not positively associated with risk of recurrence or mortality overall; however, TN patients who drank four or more drinks per week had a decreased risk of recurrence (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.98) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.97) compared with non-current drinkers.
conclusionsPatients with breast cancer with a history of smoking at diagnosis have elevated risks of recurrence and mortality. IMPACT: These findings underscore the need to prioritize smoking cessation among women diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.