Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38018284›Full record

ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025

Stillbirths: Contribution of preterm birth and size-for-gestational age for 125.4 million total births from nationwide records in 13 countries, 2000-2020.

Yemisrach B Okwaraji, Lorena Suárez-Idueta, Eric O Ohuma, Ellen Bradley, Judith Yargawa, Veronica Pingray, Gabriela Cormick, Adrienne Gordon, Vicki Flenady, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó and 27 more

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Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Definitions, terminology and standards for reporting of births and deaths in the perinatal period: International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors at 19 institutions in 14 countries.

Yemisrach B OkwarajiMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-2856
Lorena Suárez-IduetaMexican Society of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-7737
Eric O OhumaMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-2593
Ellen BradleyMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4457-0762
Judith YargawaMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-2215
Veronica PingrayInstitute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-2825
Gabriela CormickInstitute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Adrienne GordonFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-1066
Vicki FlenadyFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-7677
Erzsébet Horváth-PuhóDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-2212
Henrik Toft SørensenDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-7040
Luule SakkeusSchool of Governance, Law and Society, Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-183X
Liili AbuladzeSchool of Governance, Law and Society, Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0109-9757
Mohammed HeidarzadehPaediatrics Department, Alzahra Hospital Iran, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-8294
Narjes KhaliliDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8075-7529
Khalid A YunisDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6384-2745
Ayah Al BizriDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-7879
Shamala D KaralasingamDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-906X
Ravichandran JeganathanDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Malaysia Monash Medical School, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-1452
Arturo BarrancoDirectorate of Health Information, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
Aimée E van DijkPerined, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Lisa BroedersPerined, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Fawzya AlyafeiDepartment of Paediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-0654
Mai AlQubaisiNICU, Women Wellness and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar.
Neda RazazClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-0110
Jonas SöderlingClinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-2835
Lucy K SmithDepartment of Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-0793
Ruth J MatthewsDepartment of Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Rachael WoodPublic Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-623X
Kirsten MonteathPregnancy, Birth and Child Health Team, Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.
Isabel PereyraFaculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Curicó, Chile.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4696-8063
Gabriella PraviaDepartment of Wellness and Health, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5871-6257
Sarka LisonkovaDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-310X
Qi WenDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Joy E LawnMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-1443
Hannah BlencoweMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH) Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3159
National Vulnerable Newborn Collaborative Group for Stillbirths
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBAarhus University Hospital · DKAmerican University of Beirut · LBKarolinska Institutet · SEPublic Health Scotland · GBTallinn University · EEThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity of British Columbia · CAUniversity of Leicester · GBAlzahra Medical and Education Center · IRCatholic University of the Maule · CLConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · ARHamad General Hospital · QAInstituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria · ARIran University of Medical Sciences · IRNewcastle University Medicine Malaysia · MYQatar Airways (Qatar) · QAUniversidad Católica del Uruguay · UYUniversity of Cyberjaya · MY

Funding

Children's Investment Fund Foundation 1803-02535
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the contribution of preterm birth and size-for-gestational age in stillbirths using six 'newborn types'.

designPopulation-based multi-country analyses.

settingBirths collected through routine data systems in 13 countries. SAMPLE: 125 419 255 total births from 22

methodsWe included 635 107 stillbirths from 22

main outcome measuresDistribution of stillbirths, stillbirth rates and rate ratios according to six newborn types.

results635 107 (0.5%) of the 125 419 255 total births resulted in stillbirth after 22

conclusionsIn these high-quality data from high/middle income countries, almost three-quarters of stillbirths were born preterm and a fifth small-for-gestational age, with the highest stillbirth rates associated with the coexistence of preterm and SGA. Further analyses are needed to better understand patterns of gestation-specific risk in these populations, as well as patterns in lower-income contexts, especially those with higher rates of intrapartum stillbirth and SGA.

Indexed as

Birth WeightPremature BirthStillbirthAdultFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeMalePregnancygestational agenewbornpregnancypremature birthpretermstillbirths

Identifiers

PMID38018284
PMCPMC12678063
OpenAlexW4389135128

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.