Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38017506›Full record

ArticleInjury epidemiology2023

Relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and structural inequalities within the pediatric trauma population.

Christina Georgeades, Amelia T Collings, Manzur Farazi, Carisa Bergner, Mary E Fallat, Peter C Minneci, K Elizabeth Speck, Kyle J Van Arendonk, Katherine J Deans, Richard A Falcone and 13 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Injury epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Mechanisms of paediatric injury: an 11-year review of injury trends from the National Trauma Data Bank.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.

Christina GeorgeadesDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. cgeorgeades@mcw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-1651
Amelia T CollingsDepartment of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Manzur FaraziDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Carisa BergnerDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Mary E FallatNorton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
Peter C MinneciCenter for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
K Elizabeth SpeckDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Kyle J Van ArendonkDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Katherine J DeansDepartment of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health Delaware Valley, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Richard A FalconeDivision of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
David S FoleyNorton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
Jason D FraserDepartment of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Samir K GadepalliDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Martin S KellerDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Meera KotagalDivision of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Matthew P LandmanDepartment of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Charles M LeysDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Troy A MarkelDepartment of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Nathan S RubalcavaDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Shawn D St PeterDepartment of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Thomas T SatoDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Katherine T Flynn-O'BrienDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium (MWPSC)
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin · USC. S. Mott Children's Hospital · USIndiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis · USChildren's Mercy Hospital · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USUniversity of Louisville · USNationwide Children's Hospital · USNemours Children's Health System · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted social, political, and economic life across the world, shining a light on the vulnerability of many communities. The objective of this study was to assess injury patterns before and after implementation of stay-at-home orders (SHOs) between White children and children of color and across varying levels of vulnerability based upon children's home residence.

methodsA multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted evaluating patients < 18 years with traumatic injuries. A "Control" cohort from an averaged March-September 2016-2019 time period was compared to patients injured after SHO initiation-September 2020 ("COVID" cohort). Interactions between race/ethnicity or social vulnerability index (SVI), a marker of neighborhood vulnerability and socioeconomic status, and the COVID-19 timeframe with regard to the outcomes of interest were assessed using likelihood ratio Chi-square tests. Differences in injury intent, type, and mechanism were then stratified and explored by race/ethnicity and SVI separately.

resultsA total of 47,385 patients met study inclusion. Significant interactions existed between race/ethnicity and the COVID-19 SHO period for intent (p < 0.001) and mechanism of injury (p < 0.001). There was also significant interaction between SVI and the COVID-19 SHO period for mechanism of injury (p = 0.01). Children of color experienced a significant increase in intentional (COVID 16.4% vs. Control 13.7%, p = 0.03) and firearm (COVID 9.0% vs. Control 5.2%, p < 0.001) injuries, but no change was seen among White children. Children from the most vulnerable neighborhoods suffered an increase in firearm injuries (COVID 11.1% vs. Control 6.1%, p = 0.001) with children from the least vulnerable neighborhoods having no change. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) and bicycle crashes increased for children of color (COVID 2.0% vs. Control 1.1%, p = 0.04 for ATV; COVID 6.7% vs. Control 4.8%, p = 0.02 for bicycle) and White children (COVID 9.6% vs. Control 6.2%, p < 0.001 for ATV; COVID 8.8% vs. Control 5.8%, p < 0.001 for bicycle).

conclusionsIn contrast to White children and children from neighborhoods of lower vulnerability, children of color and children living in higher vulnerability neighborhoods experienced an increase in intentional and firearm-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding inequities in trauma burden during times of stress is critical to directing resources and targeting intervention strategies.

Indexed as

Pediatric traumaRace/ethnicitySocioeconomic statusViolent injury

Identifiers

PMID38017506
PMCPMC10683076
OpenAlexW4389086679

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.