ArticleThe Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association2023
Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq.
Article in The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Independent Associations of Diabetes Stigma and Perceived Social Support with Depression and Anxiety Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The relationship between stigma and illness acceptance in type 2 diabetes and determining factors: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Stigma associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes: A secondary qualitative analysis.British journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Diabetes-related stigma among individuals with type 1 diabetes in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: sociodemographic and clinical correlates.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Diabetes Stigma and Clinical Outcomes: An International Review.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
background and purposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Stigma is a sign of social disgrace occurring within public relations, and it is linked with many health conditions including diabetes. Stigma could worsen the disease course, reduce treatment adherence, and affect the quality of life of diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of diabetic stigma among patients with type 2 DM.
methodsIn this analytic cross-sectional study, data collection was performed from June 1, 2022, until November 1, 2022, et al.-Najaf City, Iraq. A consecutive sample of 429 patients with type 2 DM was interviewed using the Arabic version of the type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2), which is a validated tool. The total diabetic stigma score, treated differently score, self-stigma score, and blame and judgment score were estimated.
resultsThe mean age of the sample was 56.6 years, and males represented 61.8% of them. The total diabetic stigma score mean was 51.72. The question regarding people's judgment of food choices showed the highest rate (53%) among patients. Problematic stigma appeared in 24.71% of DM patients. Lower educational level, being divorced or widow, age above 50 years, being unemployed or housewife, and lower income showed significantly higher diabetic stigma scores.
conclusionOne-quarter of type 2 DM patients showed problematic stigma. The mean diabetic stigma score was significantly higher among patients with lower education, divorced or widow status, older age, unemployment or housewife category, and low-income status.
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