ArticleNature communications2023
3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D printing soft robot.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vine-Inspired Soft Robotics: Materials, Actuations, and Emerging Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Vine Tendril-Inspired Cold-Programmable Shape-Memory Polymer Composites Using Sugar Beet Pulp.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Temporal Decoupling: A New Paradigm of 4D Photo-Responsive Carbon Dots Films With Modular Regulation of Color and Deformation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Decoding triple negative breast cancer bone metastasis: from 3D bioprinted models to clinical translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- 4D metallic metamaterials for bone implants via biodegradation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review of Progress of AI in Biomimetics: From Biological Patterns to Closed-Loop Discovery.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biopolymer-Nanoparticle Interactions in 3D-Printing for Biomedical Applications: Advantages, Limitations and Future Perspectives.Polymers · 2026Review
- The promising applications of 3D printing technology for diagnosis and therapy of cancer: Recent advances and challenges.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Multimaterial 3D printed soft robots with embedded actuation and sensing.Science advances · 2025Article
- Three-dimensional shrinking electronics on freestanding and freeform curvilinear surfaces.Science advances · 2025Article
- Fabrication of Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites: From Traditional Synthesis to Additive Manufacturing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Multifunctional Liquid Metal for Biomimicry Application.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fast Reverse Design of 4D-Printed Voxelized Composite Structures Using Deep Learning and Evolutionary Algorithm.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Advanced fabrication techniques for polymer-metal nanocomposite films: state-of-the-art innovations in energy and electronic applications.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Actuator for Soft Robotics.Polymers · 2024Review
- Light-Assisted 3D-Printed Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications.Small science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
4D printing combines 3D printing with nanomaterials to create shape-morphing materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive functionalities. In this study, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agents grafted onto liquid metal nanoparticles are successfully employed in ultraviolet light-mediated stereolithographic 3D printing and near-infrared light-responsive 4D printing. Spherical liquid metal nanoparticles are directly prepared in 3D-printed resins via a one-pot approach, providing a simple and efficient strategy for fabricating liquid metal-polymer composites. Unlike rigid nanoparticles, the soft and liquid nature of nanoparticles reduces glass transition temperature, tensile stress, and modulus of 3D-printed materials. This approach enables the photothermal-induced 4D printing of composites, as demonstrated by the programmed shape memory of 3D-printed composites rapidly recovering to their original shape in 60 s under light irradiation. This work provides a perspective on the use of liquid metal-polymer composites in 4D printing, showcasing their potential for application in the field of soft robots.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.