SynthesisPloS one2023
Prevalence of diabetic foot at risk of ulcer development and its components stratification according to the international working group on the diabetic foot (IWGDF): A systematic review with metanalysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of Glycemic Control, Age, and Sex with Diabetic Foot Risk and Active Foot Ulceration among Patients with Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Targeting the neuro-immune-skin axis: Advanced functional biomaterials for intelligent wound management and regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Article
- Management and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Complications Requiring Surgical Intervention at a Sudanese First-Level Hospital: A Prospective Clinical Audit.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of infection in amputations in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a retrospective study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Article
- A Phenomenological Study of Primary Healthcare Nurses' Experiences in Assessing and Managing Diabetic Foot Complications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The Burden of Diabetic Gangrene: Prognostic Determinants of Limb Amputation from a Tertiary Center.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Incidence of diabetic foot ulcer and its predictors among adult diabetes patients in Northern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging for Limb Salvage in Patients at Risk of Amputation: Prospective Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Observational
- The global and regional burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Advances in the Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Diabetic Foot Wound Healing.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
aimsTo determine the overall prevalence of diabetic foot at risk according to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot stratification. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. We included cross-sectional studies or cohorts from 1999 to March 2022. We performed a meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effects model. We assessed heterogeneity through subgroup analysis by continent and other characteristics.
resultsWe included 36 studies with a total population of 11,850 people from 23 countries. The estimated overall prevalence of diabetic foot at risk was 53.2% (95% CI: 45.1-61.3), I2 = 98.7%, p < 0.001. In the analysis by subgroups, South and Central America had the highest prevalence and Africa the lowest. The factors explaining the heterogeneity were the presence of chronic kidney disease, diagnostic method for peripheral arterial disease, and quality. The estimates presented very low certainty of evidence.
conclusionsThe overall prevalence of diabetic foot at risk is high. The high heterogeneity between continents can be explained by methodological aspects and the type of population. However, using the same classification is necessary for standardization of the way of measuring the components, as well as better designed general population-based studies.
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