ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2024
COVID-19 breakthrough infections among people living with and without HIV: A statewide cohort analysis.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antiretroviral therapy interferes with pseudovirus neutralization assays while Gag-specific T-cells influence mRNA vaccine outcomes in HIV patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination and strategies to increase trust and uptake among racial and ethnic minorities with HIV in South Florida: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections after Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Greek Cohort of People Living with HIV during the Delta and Omicron Waves.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Routine and Special Vaccinations in People With HIV.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2024Review
- A review of the clinical characteristics and management of immunosuppressed patients living with HIV or solid organ transplants infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study aims to characterize and compare COVID-19 breakthrough infections between people living with and without HIV across different phases of the pandemic.
methodsUsing statewide HIV cohort data, the study population included adult residents in South Carolina (SC) (>18 years old) who were fully vaccinated between January 02, 2021 and April 14, 2022 when Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants were circulating in SC. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to investigate the association between HIV infection and breakthrough infection, adjusting for relevant covariates.
resultsAmong 2,144,415 vaccinated individuals, 8,335 were people living with HIV (PLWH) and 2,136,080 were people without HIV (PWoH). After propensity score matching, HIV infection was not significantly associated with breakthrough infection rate. However, when comparing breakthrough infections among individuals without any booster dose, PLWH had a higher risk of breakthrough infections (adjusted Hazard Ration: 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.39). Compared to PWoH, PLWH with high levels of clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4) count or viral suppression were not associated with breakthrough infections.
conclusionsOur findings do not support a broad conclusion that COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is lower among PLWH, while we did find that PLWH had a higher risk of breakthrough infection compared to PWoH if they did not receive a booster dose.
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