ArticleBMC oral health2023
Hard and soft tissue shape variation and changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion during orthodontic treatment: a geometric morphometric analysis.
Article in BMC oral health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morphological variations and differences of the mandible and midfacial skeleton across different sagittal skeletal patterns and sexes: a three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Hard and Soft Tissue in Class III Malocclusion Before and Near-End Orthodontic Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Establishing H Angle Hard Tissue and H Angle Soft Tissue Norms in Skeletal Class I Malay Adult Females and the Correlation between the H Angles and Visual Perception of Laypersons.European journal of dentistry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to determine the hard and soft tissue shape variation and its changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment using Geometric Morphometric Analysis.
methodsThis retrospective study included 141 pre-treatment and near-end treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class II division 1 malocclusion patients aged 16-40 years with a skeletal II pattern (ANB > 4
resultsThe vertical dimensions (hypodivergent to hyperdivergent facial profiles) showed the largest variation in the general shape of hard and soft tissue, followed by the anteroposterior dimensions (mild to severe skeletal II patterns). Variations of lip shape (long to short), lip protuberance (everted to inverted), and nasolabial angle (obtuse to acute) were present. Orthodontic treatment affected the shape of the hard and soft tissue significantly (p < 0.0001). T2 showed significant uprighting of upper incisors (17.5
conclusionVertical and anteroposterior shape variations were found. Orthodontic treatment had an impact on both hard and soft tissue shapes. Hence, understanding both the hard and soft tissue shape variations and the orthodontic treatment changes is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan to achieve a successful outcome and excellent patient satisfaction.
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