ArticlePLOS digital health2023
An evidence-based approach to artificial intelligence education for medical students: A systematic review.
Article in PLOS digital health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Development of AI competencies within the medical curriculum.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Medical, dental, and nursing students' attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing digital health curriculum needs: a mixed-methods study of student and faculty perspectives in a Singapore medical school.Medical education online · 2026Article
- Navigating the Artificial Intelligence Revolution in Clinical Neurology: A New Multidisciplinary Task Force Within the European Academy of Neurology.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Principles for Responsible AI in Health Professions Education, Research, and Care: Health CARE-AI (Contextual, Accountable, Responsible, and Equitable Artificial Intelligence) Framework Delphi Consensus Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Perceptions, Attitudes, and Use of AI by Medical Students: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Article
- Artificial Intelligence Tools in Psychiatric Education: Innovating While Maintaining Human Connection.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Competency Framework for Medical AI Education: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Article
- Bridging the Implementation Gap in Medical AI Education: 3-Lever Framework for Concurrent Reform.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping the Doctor-Patient Relationship: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Framework for AI integration into the undergraduate medical curricula: a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- On Construction of Tibial Plateau Fracture Detection in Different Radiographic Views Using YOLO Models.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models: A Case-Based, Peer-Teaching Workshop for Preclinical Medical Students.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2026Article
- AI literacy in undergraduate medical education: a competency-based interpretive framework for curriculum and assessment.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Academic AI overreliance scale: development and preliminary psychometric validation in health sciences university students.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Building Artificial Intelligence and Data Literacy Across the Health Care Research Workforce in the Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science: Why It Matters and What We Are Doing About It.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2026Article
- Using Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer for teaching and learning: A survey among health professions educators.Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education: an updated scoping review.BMC medical education · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in the last two decades has been recognized by many as an opportunity to improve the quality of patient care. However, medical education systems have been slow to adapt to the age of AI, resulting in a paucity of AI-specific education in medical schools. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the current evidence-based recommendations for the inclusion of an AI education curriculum in undergraduate medicine. Six databases were searched from inception to April 23, 2022 for cross sectional and cohort studies of fair quality or higher on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, systematic, scoping, and integrative reviews, randomized controlled trials, and Delphi studies about AI education in undergraduate medical programs. The search yielded 991 results, of which 27 met all the criteria and seven more were included using reference mining. Despite the limitations of a high degree of heterogeneity among the study types and a lack of follow-up studies evaluating the impacts of current AI strategies, a thematic analysis of the key AI principles identified six themes needed for a successful implementation of AI in medical school curricula. These themes include ethics, theory and application, communication, collaboration, quality improvement, and perception and attitude. The themes of ethics, theory and application, and communication were further divided into subthemes, including patient-centric and data-centric ethics; knowledge for practice and knowledge for communication; and communication for clinical decision-making, communication for implementation, and communication for knowledge dissemination. Based on the survey studies, medical professionals and students, who generally have a low baseline knowledge of AI, have been strong supporters of adding formal AI education into medical curricula, suggesting more research needs to be done to push this agenda forward.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.