Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38009505›Full record

ArticleJournal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]2024

Minimally invasive CAD/CAM lithium disilicate partial-coverage restorations show superior in-vitro fatigue performance than single crowns.

F A Spitznagel, L S Prott, J S Hoppe, T Manitckaia, M B Blatz, Y Zhang, R Langner, P C Gierthmuehlen

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07778563 (Predictable Method for Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth, Comparing Indirect and Direct Methods and Materials in Aesthetic Dentistry.), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07778563 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Predictable Method for Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth, Comparing Indirect and Direct Methods and Materials in Aesthetic Dentistry.

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiga Stradins UniversityRan2026 to 2031Enrolled30ConditionsEndodontically Treated Teeth Requiring Indirect Restorative TreatmentArmsCementation with Panavia V5, Cementation with Panavia SA, Injection moulding
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Interdisciplinary Delphi study by PROSEC North America: Recommendations on single indirect restorations made from ceramic and nonmetallic biomaterials for posterior teeth.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Influence of Finish Line and CAM Unit on the Marginal Adaptation and Margin Trueness of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic and Composite Resin Onlay Restorations.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
  3. Fatigue Performance and Failure Loads of Composition-Gradient Multilayer Zirconia: Partial-Coverage Restorations Versus Single Crowns at Different Thicknesses.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

F A SpitznagelDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5535-2108
L S ProttDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0792-0830
J S HoppeDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
T ManitckaiaDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
M B BlatzDepartment of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6341-7047
Y ZhangDepartment of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6738-3769
R LangnerInstitute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3237-001X
P C GierthmuehlenDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4837-2546

Funding

Viscoelastic Modeling Aided Experimental Optimization toward Fracture-Resistant Porcelain-Veneered Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate RestorationsR01DE026279 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KIM, JEONGHO, ZHANG, YU · 2017 to 2021
$2.0M
Toward novel translucent and strong nanostructured dental zirconiaR01DE026772 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI ZHANG, YU · 2017 to 2021
$1.8M
Ultrafast sintering of dental zirconia: composition-processing-property relationships with high-throughput fail-fast screeningR01DE033545 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Liangbing Hu, Yu Zhang · 2023 to 2026
$1.8M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE026279NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE026772NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE033545
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo analyze the influence of restoration design (partial-coverage restoration vs. crown) and ceramic layer thickness on the performance and failure loads of CAD/CAM-fabricated lithium disilicate (LDS) reconstructions on molars after fatigue. MATERIALS AND

methodsSeventy-two posterior monolithic CAD/CAM-fabricated LDS restorations (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) with different occlusal/buccal ceramic layer thicknesses (1.5/0.8, 1.0/0.6, and 0.5/0.4 mm) and restoration designs (PCR: non-retentive full-veneer/partial-coverage restoration, C: crown,) were investigated and divided into six groups (n = 12, test: PCR-1.5, PCR-1.0, PCR-0.5; control: C-1.5, C-1.0, C-0.5). LDS restorations were adhesively bonded (Variolink Esthetic DC, Ivoclar Vivadent) to dentin-analogue composite dies (Z100, 3M ESPE). All specimens were subjected to thermomechanical loading (1.2 million cycles, 49 N, 1.6 Hz, 5-55°C) and exposed to single load to failure testing. Failure analysis was performed with light and scanning electron microscopies. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey-Test, and t-test (p < 0.05).

resultsEight crown samples (C-0.5) and one PCR specimen (PCR-0.5) revealed cracks after fatigue, resulting in an overall success rate of 87.5% (crowns: 75%, PCRs: 96.88%). Direct comparisons of PCRs versus crowns for thicknesses of 0.5 mm (p < 0.001) and 1.0 mm (p = 0.004) were significant and in favor of PCRs. Minimally invasive PCRs (0.5 and 1.0 mm) outperformed crowns with the identical ceramic thickness. No difference was detected (p = 0.276) between thickness 1.5 mm PCRs and crowns.

conclusionsMinimally invasive monolithic CAD/CAM-fabricated posterior LDS PCRs (0.5 and 1.0 mm) resulted in superior failure load values compared to minimally invasive crowns. Minimally invasive crowns (0.5 mm) are prone to cracks after fatigue. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Minimally invasive CAD/CAM-fabricated LDS PCR restorations with a non-retentive preparation design should be considered over single crowns for molar rehabilitation.

Indexed as

Acrylic ResinsComposite ResinsCrownsDental PorcelainPolyurethanesCeramicsComputer-Aided DesignDental Restoration FailureDental Stress AnalysisFatigueHumansMaterials TestingAcrylic ResinsComposite ResinsDental Porcelainlithia disilicatePolyurethanesVivadentceramicscomputer-aided designfatiguefull-veneerpartial-coverage restoration

Identifiers

PMID38009505
PMCPMC10872741

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.