Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38008730›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2023

The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales.

Bernadette Sewell, Angela Farr, Ashley Akbari, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Jeremy Dale, Adrian Edwards, Bridie Angela Evans, Ann John, Fatemeh Torabi, Stephen Jolles and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Bernadette Sewell *Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK. b.diethart@swansea.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-5471-922X
Angela Farr *Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2087-9310
Ashley AkbariPopulation Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0814-0801
Andrew Carson-StevensPRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7580-7699
Jeremy DaleWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9256-3553
Adrian EdwardsPRIME Centre Wales, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6228-4446
Bridie Angela EvansSwansea University Medical School and PRIME Centre Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0293-0888
Ann JohnPopulation Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5657-6995
Fatemeh TorabiPopulation Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5853-4625
Stephen JollesImmunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7394-6804
Mark KingstonSwansea University Medical School and PRIME Centre Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2242-4210
Jane LyonsPopulation Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Ronan A LyonsPopulation Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5225-000X
Alison PorterSwansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3408-7007
Alan WatkinsSwansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3804-1943
Victoria WilliamsSwansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4747-9544
Helen SnooksSwansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0173-8843

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/V028367/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe EVITE Immunity study investigated the effects of shielding Clinically Extremely Vulnerable (CEV) people during the COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes and healthcare costs in Wales, United Kingdom, to help prepare for future pandemics. Shielding was intended to protect those at highest risk of serious harm from COVID-19. We report the cost of implementing shielding in Wales.

methodsThe number of people shielding was extracted from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. Resources supporting shielding between March and June 2020 were mapped using published reports, web pages, freedom of information requests to Welsh Government and personal communications (e.g. with the office of the Chief Medical Officer for Wales).

resultsAt the beginning of shielding, 117,415 people were on the shielding list. The total additional cost to support those advised to stay home during the initial 14 weeks of the pandemic was £13,307,654 (£113 per person shielded). This included the new resources required to compile the shielding list, inform CEV people of the shielding intervention and provide medicine and food deliveries. The list was adjusted weekly over the 3-month period (130,000 people identified by June 2020). Therefore the cost per person shielded lies between £102 and £113 per person.

conclusionThis is the first evaluation of the cost of the measures put in place to support those identified to shield in Wales. However, no data on opportunity cost was available. The true costs of shielding including its budget impact and opportunity costs need to be investigated to decide whether shielding is a worthwhile policy for future health emergencies.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health Care CostsHumansPandemicsPolicyWalesClinically vulnerableCostCOVID-19ImplementationResourcesSecure anonymised dataShielding

Identifiers

PMID38008730
PMCPMC10680245

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.