ArticleScientific reports2023
Gender differences in empathy, compassion, and prosocial donations, but not theory of mind in a naturalistic social task.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Emotional Valence Influences Empathic Capacity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- When Being Social Is Costly: Empathy's Role for Risk States, Acute Symptoms, and Cumulative Disease Severity of Depression.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the neural dynamics of affective and cognitive empathy: Insights from a within-subjects experimental design and mass univariate analysis.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Do Physicians CARE? Psychometric Validation of the Portuguese Self-Report Version of the CARE Measure.Evaluation & the health professions · 2026Article
- Compassion and Self-Compassion in Relation to Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence.Nursing open · 2026Article
- The impact of death attitudes on death anxiety among nursing interns: a multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Characteristics and determinants of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in Chinese nursing students: A cross-sectional study.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Enhancing emotional intelligence in Egyptian medical students: a quasi-experimental study using Kirkpatrick's model.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Empathy for pain in humans and animals differs based on species, psychosocial and cultural factors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dark Personality, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Convicted Offenders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Group-wise sparse coding for the discovery of functional connectivity-based biomarkers in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The impact of sex on clinical profiles of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Exploring gender differences in empathy development among medical students: a qualitative analysis of reflections on juvenile correctional school visits.Medical education online · 2025Article
- Network analysis of empathy, anxiety and depression symptoms, relationship satisfaction, sensory processing sensitivity, and alexithymia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From Uncertainty to Consent: Educational Intervention Effects on Knowledge and Willingness to Donate Organs After Death.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluating dental students' understanding of oral complications and care management for head and neck cancer patients.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Associations between physical exercise and social-emotional competence in primary school children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A longitudinal neuroimaging study of adolescent girls' mentalizing and perspective-taking tendencies.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- More empathy for others, more hurt for oneself? Empathy for pain is related to poor mental health and negative emotion regulation.BMC psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite broad interest, experimental evidence for gender differences in social abilities remains inconclusive. Two important factors may have limited previous results: (i) a lack of clear distinctions between empathy (sharing another's feelings), compassion (a feeling of concern toward others), and Theory of Mind (ToM; inferring others' mental states), and (ii) the absence of robust, naturalistic social tasks. Overcoming these limitations, in Study 1 (N = 295) we integrate three independent, previously published datasets, each using a dynamic and situated, video-based paradigm which disentangles ToM, empathy, and compassion, to examine gender differences in social abilities. We observed greater empathy and compassion in women compared to men, but found no evidence that either gender performed better in ToM. In Study 2 (n = 226) we extend this paradigm to allow participants to engage in prosocial donations. Along with replicating the findings of Study 1, we also observed greater prosocial donations in women compared to men. Additionally, we discuss an exploratory, novel finding, namely that ToM performance is positively associated with prosocial donations in women, but not men. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of establishing experimental designs that incorporate dynamic, complex stimuli to better capture the social realities that men and women experience in their daily lives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.